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Writing android gui using python(7:Activity)

srplab — Sun, 17 Jun 2012 20:34:00 +0800

Introduction

Activity of android application is main entity which likes windows on win32 platform. It has lifecycle, contains gui widgets, and manages them together. Activity can create child activities, with initial parameters, and gets results from them. Here gives an example to operate activities, which code is written with python based on wrapandroid project. The purpose of this article is to tell programmer how to operate activities using python, rather than explain activity’s lifecycle and how to create child activities, which is talked in detail in android sdk documents.

Examples given in this article is simple. We create two activities, one is root, and another is child. The root activity contains an edit widget, which is used to get input from user, and a button widget. When users press button, child activity is created with input as parameter. Child activity displays the parameter in text widgets, shows an edit widget for user to input result for parent. At last, the text returned from child is shown in parent activity.

Root Activity

layout xml file

We use xml file layout. The xml file contains text view, button and edit view, which is listed below.

android:id="@+id/widget30"

android:layout_width="fill_parent"

android:layout_height="fill_parent"

android:orientation="vertical"

xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"

android:id="@+id/widget34"

android:layout_width="fill_parent"

android:layout_height="wrap_content"

android:gravity="bottom"

android:layout_gravity="center_vertical"

android:id="@+id/widget35"

android:layout_width="wrap_content"

android:layout_height="wrap_content"

android:text="input text :"

android:id="@+id/widget38"

android:layout_width="fill_parent"

android:layout_height="wrap_content"

android:text="hello"

android:textSize="18sp"

android:id="@+id/widget39"

android:layout_width="wrap_content"

android:layout_height="wrap_content"

android:text="send to child"

android:id="@+id/widget40"

android:layout_width="fill_parent"

android:layout_height="wrap_content"

android:gravity="bottom"

android:layout_gravity="center_vertical"

android:id="@+id/widget41"

android:layout_width="wrap_content"

android:layout_height="wrap_content"

android:text="result from child :"

android:id="@+id/widget42"

android:layout_width="fill_parent"

android:layout_height="wrap_content"

android:text=""

android:textSize="18sp"

Code of activity

The boot code of activity is written in java, which is simple. The function of it is to load python code, which is code.py located in asset directory.

public class ActivityActivity extends WrapAndroidActivity {

/** Called when the activity is first created. */

@Override

public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {

super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);

setContentView(R.layout.main);

StarActivity._Call("DoAssetsFile", "python", "code.py");

}

code.py

“Code.py” is the main code of root activity. It is a python file.

Step 1:

The first step of python code is to get service group object and service object created by java code.

SrvGroup = libstarpy._GetSrvGroup()

Service = SrvGroup._GetService("","")

#--get activity

StarActivity = Service.ActivityClass.getCurrent();

Step 2:

The step 2 is to obtain widgets defined in the layout file. And set onClick event listener of button. When the event is triggered, we build an intent and create child activity. The child activity is named ChildActivity. It must be declared in AndroidManifest.xml. Otherwise, the call will be failed.

AndroidManifest.xml:

android:icon="@drawable/ic_launcher"

android:label="@string/app_name" >

android:label="@string/app_name"

android:name=".ActivityActivity" >

Python Code:

#--button

myEdit = StarActivity.findViewById("EditTextClass",StarActivity.getResource("id/widget38"));

myButton = StarActivity.findViewById("ButtonClass",StarActivity.getResource("id/widget39"));

def myButton_onClick(self, Ev) :

MyIntent = Service.IntentClass._New();

MyIntent.setClassName("ChildActivity");

MyIntent.putStringExtra("value",myEdit.getText());

StarActivity.startActivityForResult(MyIntent,1);

MyIntent._Free();

return;

myButton.onClick = myButton_onClick;

myButton.setOnClickListener();

Step 3:

When child activity returns, we can get result from child and show it in text view. To receive result, we should override activity’s function onActivityResult.

#--receive result

myText = StarActivity.findViewById("EditTextClass",StarActivity.getResource("id/widget42"));

myText.setTextColor(0xFFFF0000)

def StarActivity_onActivityResult(self,requestCode, resultCode, data) :

if( requestCode == 1 and data != None ) :

myText.setText(data.getStringExtra("value"))

StarActivity.onActivityResult = StarActivity_onActivityResult;

Child Activity

layout xml file

The xml file also contains text view, button and edit view, which is listed below.

android:id="@+id/widget30"

android:layout_width="fill_parent"

android:layout_height="fill_parent"

android:orientation="vertical"

xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"

android:id="@+id/widget31"

android:layout_width="wrap_content"

android:layout_height="wrap_content"

android:id="@+id/widget32"

android:layout_width="wrap_content"

android:layout_height="wrap_content"

android:text="from parent :"

android:id="@+id/widget33"

android:layout_width="wrap_content"

android:layout_height="wrap_content"

android:text=""

android:id="@+id/widget34"

android:layout_width="fill_parent"

android:layout_height="wrap_content"

android:id="@+id/widget35"

android:layout_width="wrap_content"

android:layout_height="wrap_content"

android:text="input text : "

android:id="@+id/widget36"

android:layout_width="fill_parent"

android:layout_height="wrap_content"

android:text="EditText"

android:textSize="18sp"

android:id="@+id/widget37"

android:layout_width="wrap_content"

android:layout_height="wrap_content"

android:text="return to parent"

Code of child activity

The boot code of child activity is same as parent activity.

code.py

Step 1:

The first step of python code is to get service group object and service object created by java code, which is the same as parent activity. Python uses global namespace, which should be pay special attention. If we use same variable name as parent activity, it will replace the variable in parent, which may cause error.

SrvGroup = libstarpy._GetSrvGroup()

Service = SrvGroup._GetService("","")

#--get activity, global python name space

ChildStarActivity = Service.ActivityClass.getCurrent();

Step 2:

First, we get start intent, which is set by parent. Then, obtains text view defined in the layout file, and show string of the intent in the text view. Gets button widget, set it’s onClick event listener. When the event is triggered, we build result intent for parent and call finish function to end the child activity.

#--button

child_intent = ChildStarActivity.getIntent();

ChildText = ChildStarActivity.findViewById("TextViewClass",ChildStarActivity.getResource("id/widget33"));

ChildText.setText(child_intent.getStringExtra("value"))

ChildText.setTextColor(0xFFFF0000)

childEdit = ChildStarActivity.findViewById("EditTextClass",ChildStarActivity.getResource("id/widget36"));

childButton = ChildStarActivity.findViewById("ButtonClass",ChildStarActivity.getResource("id/widget37"));

def childButton_onClick(self, Ev) :

MyIntent = Service.IntentClass._New();

MyIntent.putStringExtra("value",childEdit.getText());

ChildStarActivity.setResult1(0,MyIntent);

MyIntent._Free();

ChildStarActivity.finish();

return;

childButton.onClick = childButton_onClick;

childButton.setOnClickListener();

We also should capture “BACK” key event. When the key is pressed, we also end the activity.

def ChildStarActivity_onKeyDown(self,keyCode,event) :

if( keyCode == Service.AndroidConstantClass.getInt("KeyEvent","KEYCODE_BACK") ) :

MyIntent = Service.IntentClass._New();

MyIntent.putStringExtra("value","press key back");

ChildStarActivity.setResult1(0,MyIntent);

MyIntent._Free();

ChildStarActivity.finish();

return True,True;

ChildStarActivity.onKeyDown = ChildStarActivity_onKeyDown

ScreenShot

Parent Activity:

Child Activity

Examples :

examples can be downloaded from :
http://wrapandroid-for-multilanguage.googlecode.com/svn/wiki/examples/pythongui_activity.zip

Writing android gui using c++(3:debug)

srplab — Wed, 13 Jun 2012 19:26:00 +0800

Introduction

This article talks about how to debug c++ codes using ndk-debug tool, and give some advice about c++ programming on android. If application is written in java, programmers can use eclipse to debug the code, set break points, and trace step by step. When written in c++, how to debug? By now, for android version above 2.2, ndk provides a ndk-debug tool, which runs on linux, can be used to debug the source code.

Debug environment may vary with platforms. The steps given here is based on environment of my host, which is windows xp, android-ndk-r6b, and cgywin is used to build c++ code for android. How to install android-ndk-r6b and cgywin are out the scope of this article. You can refer to other materials.

The example code to be debugged is list view holder, which is given in previous article. Suppose you have already prepared the environment, and the c++ code can be built for android successfully.

changes of the project

1. change AndroidManifest.xml to enable gdbserver

Based on document of ndk, in order to debug the native code, AndroidManifest.xml should be add a flag “android:debuggable="true" “, as follows.

android:icon="@drawable/ic_launcher"

android:label="@string/app_name"

android:debuggable="true" >

android:label="@string/app_name"

android:name=".DebugActivity" >

2. recompile the project with debug flag “NDK_DEBUG=1”

3. run the project from eclipse

debug with ndk-debug

switch to cgywin console

1. run ndk-debug as follows

There may be many warnings. But need not care, they not affect the debug proecess.

2. type list command, you can see the source file

use b command to set the break points.

use c command to continue run.

3. The mobile may be response slowly, please wait, until mobile can operate normaly.

If the mobile has no response for a long time, you can type CTRL+C to exit ndk-debug and repeat the above steps.

4. click button, then the source will be broken at the break point set before.

In cygwin console, when watch variable value, you may see “value optimized out”.

In this case, you should add –Oo flags to Android.mk file, rebuild the project and restart.

LOCAL_CFLAGS += -Wno-write-strings -O0 -DENV_ANDROID

LOCAL_CPPFLAGS += -Wno-write-strings -O0 -fexceptions -DENV_ANDROID

LOCAL_LDFLAGS += -Wno-write-strings -O0 -DENV_ANDROID

Debug on simulator may be less efficient for slow response. The better choice is to buy a cheaper mobile or palm, and debug using real device. Debug c++ code on android is not an easy work, no matter you are familiar with gdb or not. I think, migrate mature code from other platform to android is a good choice, or debug on other platform using more convenient tools other than on android directly.

debug on win32

CLE also supports windows and linux, therefore we can debug program logic on windows. Lets discuss in deeper. To debug on windows, there are lots of work to do, not technology, but is the work to setup stubs for android classes. The work is not started by now, so this article only gives the steps to illustrate we can debug android c++ code on windows. You can also write stubs by self following the examples in this article. The examples is also includes in the download package. For the built result of c++ code is share library, on windows platform, it can only be built into a dynamic library. So the first step is to create a loader to init environment and load it.

Before start, cle for win32 should be installed from http://www.srplab.com/data/starcore_win32.1.5.1.exe

dynamic library loader

The loader init cle environment, import wrapandroid service description file “SRPWrapAndroidEngine.xml’, and create a service for the share library. The loader can be created with java, python, lua, c#, c++, or other languages supported by CLE. Here we create it using c++. The code is shown below.

1. init CLE environment

class ClassOfBasicSRPInterface *BasicSRPInterface;

VS_CORESIMPLECONTEXT Context;

// init CLE environment. The first parameter Context is used to get the return value.

BasicSRPInterface = VSCore_InitSimpleEx(&Context,0,0,NULL,0,NULL);

if( BasicSRPInterface == NULL ){

printf("init starcore fail\n");

return -1;

}

// import wrapandroid service description file. This file contains id and name of android classe.

{

FILE *hFile;

int FileSize;

char *xmlBufer;

hFile = fopen("SRPWrapAndroidEngine.xml","rt");

fseek(hFile,0,SEEK_END);

FileSize = ftell(hFile);

fseek(hFile,0,SEEK_SET);

xmlBufer = (char *)malloc(FileSize+1);

FileSize = fread(xmlBufer,1,FileSize,hFile);

fclose(hFile);

xmlBufer[FileSize] = 0;

if( BasicSRPInterface ->ImportServiceFromXmlBuf(xmlBufer,false) == VS_FALSE ){

printf("parse [SRPWrapAndroidEngine.xml] failed\n");

return -1;

}

free(xmlBufer);

}

// create a service for share library.

BasicSRPInterface -> CreateService( "","wrapandroid", NULL, "123",5,0,0,0,0,0 );

// obtain the service interface.

SRPInterface = BasicSRPInterface ->GetSRPInterface("wrapandroid","root","123");

// set not check password flag for share library.

SRPInterface ->CheckPassword(VS_FALSE);

2. Create root activity

Share library needs a pre-created activity. The following is used to create it. And write stub code for getCurrent function of the activity. Then this function can be called from share library.

The stub function of getCurrent.

void *RootActivity;

static void *ActivityClass_getCurrent(void *Object){

return RootActivity;

}

The code of creating root activity.

//---get ActivityClass defined in wrapandroid service description file.

void *ActivityClass = SRPInterface -> GetObjectEx(NULL,"ActivityClass");

//---change to atomic object

void *AtomicActivityClass = SRPInterface ->ObjectToAtomic(ActivityClass);

//---create function stub for getCurrent

void *AtomicActivityClassFunction_getCurrent = SRPInterface ->CreateAtomicFunctionSimple(AtomicActivityClass,"getCurrent","VS_OBJPTR getCurrent();",NULL,NULL,VS_FALSE,VS_FALSE);

//---set the function address

SRPInterface -> SetAtomicFunction(AtomicActivityClassFunction_getCurrent,(void *)ActivityClass_getCurrent);

//alloc root activity

RootActivity = SRPInterface ->MallocObjectL(&VSOBJID_ActivityClass,0,NULL);

3. Load share library

Load share library is simple. We call cle interface DoFile function to do this, more like script interface.

if( SRPInterface ->DoFile("","../libcode.dll",NULL, NULL, VS_FALSE) == VS_FALSE ){

printf("load library file\n");

return -1;

}

When compile, starlib_vcm.lib should be add to the project, as shown below:

add header files to the project:

Set break points on code.cpp, and run.

create stubs for android classes

We create stub for android classes, in order to debug or others goal. It will enable to debug android c++ codes on windows platform. How to create stub? is simple, like this,

define function

static void *ActivityClass_getCurrent(void *Object){

…

}

create stub function

void *AtomicActivityClassFunction_getCurrent = SRPInterface ->CreateAtomicFunctionSimple(AtomicActivityClass,"getCurrent","VS_OBJPTR getCurrent();",NULL,NULL,VS_FALSE,VS_FALSE);

and assign address to the stub function

SRPInterface -> SetAtomicFunction(AtomicActivityClassFunction_getCurrent,(void *)ActivityClass_getCurrent);

If you create stubs of all function of android classes, your application can be migrated to windows.

Examples

examples can be download from

http://wrapandroid-for-multilanguage.googlecode.com/svn/wiki/examples/cgui_debug.zip

Writing android gui using c++(2:list view holder)

srplab — Sun, 10 Jun 2012 19:53:00 +0800

Introduction

Wrapandroid and CLE project gives a choice to write android gui applications with multiple languages, such as python, lua, or c++. This article continues to talk about writing programming using c++. For gui applications, list view control is the most commonly used control, which is to present information to users to perform some action. For list view, to speed up scroll speed, a view holder is often used. We can find many materials talking about it in java. But how to write holder using c++?

Android gui object is wrapped with a cle object. For each cle object, cle presents functions “MallocPrivateBuf” and “GetPrivateBuf” to malloc it private buf, which can be used to contain objects pointers. The buffer will be freed with object automatically. Like this:

struct Holder{

void *Object1;

void *Object2;

…

}*holder;

holder = (struct Holder *)SRPInterface -> MallocPrivateBuf(…);

and then get the holder,

holder = (struct Holder *)SRPInterface -> GetPrivateBuf(…);

Begin programming

Using eclipse and NDK to development application. How to install them, please refer to other related articles. Android version should be above 2.2. Wrapandroid has updated to version 0.9.0, please download from http://code.google.com/p/wrapandroid-for-multilanguage. CLE has update to version r7, website is http://www.code.google.com/p/cle-for-android.

Steps :

a. Open eclipse, create a new android project named “listviewholder”

b. cle may be installed from network when application started, in this case, the following permission should be added:

c. Copy java library starcore_android_r7.jar and wrapandroid.jar to project directory, and add them into project:

d. edit ListviewholderActivity.java，changed as follow，loading native share library.

import com.srplab.wrapandroid.*;

public class ListviewholderActivity extends WrapAndroidActivity {

/** Called when the activity is first created. */

@Override

public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {

super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);

//setContentView(R.layout.main);

StarActivity._Call("DoFile","","/data/data/"+getPackageName()+"/lib/libCode.so");

}

d. cle may also be included in the project, in this case, you should copy share libraries of cle to the directory of the project:

And change download flag to false

public class ListviewholderActivity extends WrapAndroidActivity {

/** Called when the activity is first created. */

@Override

public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {

DownloadFromNetFlag = false;

super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);

//setContentView(R.layout.main);

StarActivity._Call("DoFile","","/data/data/"+getPackageName()+"/lib/libCode.so");

}

e. edit listview layout：vlist2.xml.

android:orientation="horizontal"

android:layout_width="fill_parent"

android:layout_height="fill_parent">

android:layout_width="wrap_content"

android:layout_height="wrap_content"

android:layout_margin="5px"/>

android:layout_width="wrap_content"

android:layout_height="wrap_content">

android:layout_width="wrap_content"

android:layout_height="wrap_content"

android:textColor="#FFFFFFFF"

android:textSize="22px" />

android:layout_width="wrap_content"

android:layout_height="wrap_content"

android:textColor="#FFFFFFFF"

android:textSize="13px" />

Writing android gui using c++(introduction)

srplab — Wed, 30 May 2012 21:17:00 +0800

Introduction

For some reason, we might want to write android applications using native code. In this case, NDK will be used. But only NDK does not enough. Because android only exports java interface to programmers, so applications can not call android classes directly. How to solve this problem? Don’t worry about. Using the result of cle and wrapandroid project, programmers can call android class through interfaces of cle more easily.

The article is an introduction to write android gui applications using cle and wrapandroid. CLE is a middleware for programming using multiple languages, which supports java, python,c/c++,lua, etc. and can be extended to support other languages. Objects, for example, instance of class, will be maintained in the kernel. And then, cle provides common interface to multiple languages. We can call object’s function, get or set object’s attributes, capture object’s events.

Wrapandroid wraps android classes with cle objects, which enables programmers to use android classes in their applications. In normal case, the steps is illustrated below.

1. create an object of android class using MallocObjectL of cle interface.

2. call object’s functions using ScriptCall method.

3. Override object’s function using CreateOvlFunction method

4. Hook object’s event using RegEventFunction method

Step 1 : Prepare environment

a: CLE may install from network by application automatically, you need only include starcore_android_r6.jar in the project. The file is in starcore_devfiles_r6.zip, which can be download from http://code.google.com/p/cle-for-android

b: Wrapandroid has a lib files: wrapandroid.jar, which can be download from http:/code.google.com/p/wrapandroid-for-multilaguage/download/wrapandroid_devfiles_0_8_5.rar

Step 2 : Begin programming

Using eclipse and NDK to development application. How to install them, please refer to other related articles. Android version should be above 2.2.

a. Open eclipse, create a new android project named “introduction”

b. cle may be installed from network when application started, in this case, the following permission should be added:

c. Copy java library starcore_android_r6.jar and wrapandroid.jar to project directory, and add them into project:

d. edit IntroductionActivity.java，changed as follow，loading native share library.

import com.srplab.wrapandroid.*;

public class IntroductionActivity extends WrapAndroidActivity {

/** Called when the activity is first created. */

@Override

public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {

super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);

setContentView(R.layout.main);

StarActivity._Call("DoFile","","/data/data/"+getPackageName()+"/lib/libCode.so");

}

e cle may also be included in the project, in this case, you should copy share libraries of cle to the directory of the project:

And change download flag to false

public class IntroductionActivity extends WrapAndroidActivity {

/** Called when the activity is first created. */

@Override

public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {

DownloadFromNetFlag = false;

super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);

setContentView(R.layout.main);

StarActivity._Call("DoFile","","/data/data/"+getPackageName()+"/lib/libCode.so");

}

f. edit layout：main.xml.

android:id="@+id/widget73"

android:layout_width="fill_parent"

android:layout_height="fill_parent"

android:orientation="vertical" >

android:id="@+id/widget45"

android:layout_width="fill_parent"

android:layout_height="wrap_content"

android:text="@string/hello" />

android:id="@+id/widget74"

android:layout_width="220dp"

android:layout_height="48dp"

android:text="thank for your use"

android:typeface="serif"

android:textStyle="bold"

android:textColor="#ffff0000"

android:layout_x="284dp"

android:layout_y="220dp"

android:textSize="16dp"

g. Create jni directory under project, copy header files of wrap android and cle into jni directory. create new file named code.cpp. and Android.mk, edit Android.mk as follow

LOCAL_PATH := $(call my-dir)

include $(CLEAR_VARS)

# Here we give our module name and sourcefile(s)

LOCAL_CFLAGS += -Wno-write-strings -DENV_ANDROID

LOCAL_CPPFLAGS += -Wno-write-strings -fexceptions -DENV_ANDROID

LOCAL_LDFLAGS += -Wno-write-strings -DENV_ANDROID

LOCAL_C_INCLUDES += cle_files/include

#--------source file

MODULE_CXXSRCS := Code.cpp SRPWrapAndroidEngine_UUIDDef.cpp

LOCAL_SRC_FILES := ${MODULE_CXXSRCS}

LOCAL_LDLIBS := cle_files/libs/armeabi/libstarlib.a

LOCAL_MODULE := Code

include $(BUILD_SHARED_LIBRARY)

#------------------------

include $(CLEAR_VARS)

LOCAL_SRC_FILES := cle_files/so/armeabi/libstarcore.so

LOCAL_MODULE := starcore

include $(PREBUILT_SHARED_LIBRARY)

#------------------------

include $(CLEAR_VARS)

LOCAL_SRC_FILES := cle_files/so/armeabi/libstar_java.so

LOCAL_MODULE := star_java

include $(PREBUILT_SHARED_LIBRARY)

Step 3. Code.cpp

Write native code in android, we should compile source file into share library. The share library expose two functions :

VS_BOOL StarCoreService_Init(class ClassOfStarCore *starcore)

void StarCoreService_Term(class ClassOfStarCore *starcore)

the first function will be call when the library is loaded, which can be used to do some initialize. StarCoreService_Term will be called before the share library is unloaded.

The code of code.cpp is list below. We explain in detail;

//--header file of wrap android

#include "SRPWrapAndroidEngine_VSClass.h"

//--service interface, other function calls will be done through this interface.

static class ClassOfSRPInterface *SRPInterface;

//--Activity object of android, which is created by previous java code.

static void *StarActivity;

//--button event function. Each event has the same prototype.

static VS_INT32 MyButton_onClick(VS_ULONG FunctionChoice,void *EventPara)

{

//--when the event is triggered, we show some information using android Toast.

//--Create instance of toast.

void *toast = SRPInterface->MallocObjectL(&VSOBJID_ToastClass,0,NULL);

//--call toast function “makeText”, (si) is input parameter type and return type. please refer to cle documents.

SRPInterface -> ScriptCall(toast,NULL,"makeText","(si)","Button is click", 0);

//--call toast function “show”

SRPInterface -> ScriptCall(toast,NULL,"show","()");

return 0;

}

static VS_INT32 MyButton1_onClick(VS_ULONG FunctionChoice,void *EventPara)

{

void *toast = SRPInterface->MallocObjectL(&VSOBJID_ToastClass,0,NULL);

SRPInterface -> ScriptCall(toast,NULL,"makeText","(si)","Button is click", 0);

SRPInterface -> ScriptCall(toast,NULL,"show","()");

return 0;

}

//--share library init function.

VS_BOOL StarCoreService_Init(class ClassOfStarCore *starcore)

{

class ClassOfBasicSRPInterface *BasicSRPInterface;

//--get basic interface of cle

BasicSRPInterface = starcore ->GetBasicInterface();

//---get current service interface, the service is create by java code.

SRPInterface = BasicSRPInterface ->GetSRPInterface(BasicSRPInterface->QueryActiveService(NULL),"","");

void *ActivityClass;

//---get wrapped acvitity

ActivityClass = SRPInterface -> GetObjectEx(NULL,"ActivityClass");

//--call getCurrent function to get current activity, which is created by java code. ()O means the return type is cle object;

StarActivity = (void *)SRPInterface -> ScriptCall(ActivityClass,NULL,"getCurrent","()O");

//--show some infotmation.

SRPInterface -> Print("Get Main Activity = %s", SRPInterface -> GetName(StarActivity));

//--call activity function getResource to obtained resource id of above layout. Input parameter is a string and output is an integer, so here we use (s)I tag.

int widget45 = SRPInterface -> ScriptCall(StarActivity,NULL,"getResource","(s)i","id/widget45");

//--Call findViewById function of activity, which is a textview. For this function, we should provide class name as input parameter, which is little different from android function. Input parameter is string and integer and return type is cle object. So, here uses tag (si)o.

void *MyText = (void *)SRPInterface -> ScriptCall(StarActivity,NULL,"findViewById","(si)o","TextViewClass",widget45);

//--Call setText of textview object.

SRPInterface -> ScriptCall(MyText,NULL,"setText","(s)","TextViewClass","from layout");

int widget74 = SRPInterface -> ScriptCall(StarActivity,NULL,"getResource","(s)i","id/widget74");

//--Call findViewById function of activity to get button object.

void *MyButton = (void *)SRPInterface -> ScriptCall(StarActivity,NULL,"findViewById","(si)o","ButtonClass",widget74);

//--Call setText function of button object.

SRPInterface -> ScriptCall(MyButton,NULL,"setText","(s)","click me");

//--Call setOnClickListener function of button object.

SRPInterface -> ScriptCall(MyButton,NULL,"setOnClickListener","()");

//--register event function of button object.

SRPInterface -> RegEventFunction(MyButton,&VSOUTEVENTID_ViewClass_onClick,MyButton,(void *)MyButton_onClick,0);

int widget73 = SRPInterface -> ScriptCall(StarActivity,NULL,"getResource","(s)i","id/widget73");

//--Call findViewById function of activity to get LinearLayout.

void *MyLinearLayout = (void *)SRPInterface -> ScriptCall(StarActivity,NULL,"findViewById","(si)o","LinearLayoutClass",widget73);

//--Dynamically create a button, which as a child of linear out.

void *MyDynaButton = SRPInterface->MallocObject(MyLinearLayout,VSATTRINDEX_VIEWGROUPCLASS_VIEWQUEUE,&VSOBJID_ButtonClass,0,NULL);

SRPInterface -> ScriptCall(MyDynaButton,NULL,"setText","(s)","created dynamically");

SRPInterface -> ScriptCall(MyDynaButton,NULL,"setOnClickListener","()");

SRPInterface -> RegEventFunction(MyDynaButton,&VSOUTEVENTID_ViewClass_onClick,MyDynaButton,(void *)MyButton1_onClick,0);

//--set layout parameters of button created.

SRPInterface -> ScriptCall(MyDynaButton,NULL,"setLinearLayoutParams","(ii)",100,50);

return VS_TRUE;

}

void StarCoreService_Term(class ClassOfStarCore *starcore)

{

SRPInterface -> Release();

return;

}

Step 4. Compile to share library

Result:

Example can be download from :

http://wrapandroid-for-multilanguage.googlecode.com/svn/wiki/examples/c_introduction.zip

Writing android gui using python(6:layout)

srplab — Mon, 28 May 2012 22:07:00 +0800

Introduction

Wrapandroid 0.8.5 is uploaded, programmers can download from http:/code.google.com/p/wrapandroid-for-multilanguage. In this version, a method is presented which can be used to unzip files to directory on sdcard or package path. If path does not exist, it will be created automatically. The method name is “unzipAssetFile”. Programmers can call it through activity object. The prototype of the functions is “boolean unzipAssetFile(StarObjectClass self,String zipFileName, String outputDirectory,Boolean OverWriteFlag)”. The zipFileName is located on assets directory of the project.

From version 0.8.5, layout is supported. You can use “findViewById” or “inflate” function to retrieve widgets defined in xml file. The two functions are little different from android version. “ClassName” is added as an input parameter; because program does not know which class the widgets belong to. The classname is widget name with a “Class” postfix. For example, LinearLayout should be used as LinearLayoutClass.

first example

This example is shown how to get widgets defined in layout.

layout file main.xml, which includes a linearlayout, textview and a button.

android:id="@+id/widget73"

android:layout_width="fill_parent"

android:layout_height="fill_parent"

android:orientation="vertical" >

android:id="@+id/widget45"

android:layout_width="fill_parent"

android:layout_height="wrap_content"

android:text="@string/hello" />

android:id="@+id/widget74"

android:layout_width="220dp"

android:layout_height="48dp"

android:text="thank for your use"

android:typeface="serif"

android:textStyle="bold"

android:textColor="#ffff0000"

android:layout_x="284dp"

android:layout_y="220dp"

android:textSize="16dp"

python code

SrvGroup = libstarpy._GetSrvGroup()

Service = SrvGroup._GetService("","")

#--get activity

StarActivity = Service.ActivityClass.getCurrent();

#--get textview defined in layout

MyText = StarActivity.findViewById("TextViewClass",StarActivity.getResource("id/widget45"));

#--set text

MyText.setText("from layout");

#--get button defined in layout

MyButton = StarActivity.findViewById("ButtonClass",StarActivity.getResource("id/widget74"));

#--set onClick function of the button

def MyButton_onClick(self, Ev) :

Service.ToastClass._New().makeText("Button is click", 0).show();

MyButton.onClick = MyButton_onClick;

MyButton.setOnClickListener();

#--set text

MyButton.setText("click me");

#--get linearlayout defined in layout

MyLinearLayout = StarActivity.findViewById("LinearLayoutClass",StarActivity.getResource("id/widget73"));

#--create a button dynamically

MyDynaButton = Service.ButtonClass._New(MyLinearLayout);

#--set onClick function of the button

def MyDynaButton_onClick(self, Ev) :

Service.ToastClass._New().makeText("Button is click", 0).show();

MyDynaButton.onClick = MyDynaButton_onClick;

MyDynaButton.setOnClickListener();

#--set text

MyDynaButton.setText("created dynamically");

#--set layout parameter

MyDynaButton.setLinearLayoutParams(100,50);

Screenshot

second example(view holder)

Viewholder is often talked and used in list view to speed up scroll process. Using python, we can also use method similar to view holder. For python is dynamic language, this is easy to realize.

layout file, which will be used in list view

android:orientation="horizontal"

android:layout_width="fill_parent"

android:layout_height="fill_parent">

android:layout_width="wrap_content"

android:layout_height="wrap_content"

android:layout_margin="5px"/>

android:layout_width="wrap_content"

android:layout_height="wrap_content">

android:layout_width="wrap_content"

android:layout_height="wrap_content"

android:textColor="#FFFFFFFF"

android:textSize="22px" />

android:layout_width="wrap_content"

android:layout_height="wrap_content"

android:textColor="#FFFFFFFF"

android:textSize="13px" />

Writing android gui using python(menu scroll view and popup window)

srplab — Wed, 2 May 2012 21:09:00 +0800

Introduction

The examples in this article will create menu, scroll view and popup window. For menu widget, programmer should override android functions of activity, which are “onCreateOptionsMenu”, “onPrepareOptionsMenu”, “onOptionsItemSelected”. Using python, the same functions should be defined and assigned to activity object. Popup window is often used to show information or perform some interactions with customer. Python permits define functions in another function, which is convenient to define widgets in popup window.

Scroll View

Creating scroll view is more directly and simple.

Create scroll view object

MyScroll = Service.ScrollViewClass._New(MyLayout);

MyScroll.setLinearLayoutParams(Service.FILL_PARENT,Service.WRAP_CONTENT);

Create root layout in the scroll view

MyScrollLayout = Service.LinearLayoutClass._New(MyScroll);

MyScrollLayout.setOrientation("VERTICAL");

MyScrollLayout.setFrameLayoutParams(Service.FILL_PARENT,Service.WRAP_CONTENT);

Create a button, when is clicked, we create a new button in scroll view.

MyButtonIndex = 1;

//#set onClick event listener

def MyButton_onClick(self,Ev) :

global MyButtonIndex;

//#Create a new button in scroll view

b = Service.ButtonClass._New(MyScrollLayout);

//#Set text content and color

b.setText("Button" + str(MyButtonIndex));

b.setTextColor(0xFFFF0000);

b.setLinearLayoutParams(Service.FILL_PARENT,Service.WRAP_CONTENT);

MyButtonIndex = MyButtonIndex + 1;

return;

//#assign event listener to object

MyButton.onClick = MyButton_onClick;

Popup window

Popup window is often used to show information or perform some interactions with customer.

Create a button, when is clicked, we create a popup window.

OpenPopWindowButton = Service.ButtonClass._New(ButtonLayout);

OpenPopWindowButton.setText("Open popup window");

OpenPopWindowButton.setLinearLayoutParams(Service.WRAP_CONTENT,Service.WRAP_CONTENT);

def OpenPopWindowButton_onClick(self, Ev):

…

return;

OpenPopWindowButton.onClick = OpenPopWindowButton_onClick

In onClick event function, a popup window is created

Because python permits to define function in another function, we can create popup window and create functions for it.

def OpenPopWindowButton_onClick(self, Ev):

//#create popup window

MyPopupWindow = Service.PopupWindowClass._New()

//#set onDismiss event listener

def MyPopupWindow_onDismiss(self, Ev):

Service.ToastClass._New().makeText("PopupWindow is dismiss",0).show();

return;

MyPopupWindow.onDismiss = MyPopupWindow_onDismiss;

//#create root layout for popup window

PopupLayout = Service.LinearLayoutClass._New();

PopupLayout.setBackgroundColor(0xFF0000FF) #--blue

//#create a button

MyButton = Service.ButtonClass._New(PopupLayout);

def MyButton_onClick(self, Ev) :

//#when is clicked, we show information and close the popup window

Service.ToastClass._New().makeText("Button is click",0).show();

MyPopupWindow.dismiss();

return;

MyButton.onClick = MyButton_onClick;

MyButton.setText("CloseWindow");

MyButton.setLinearLayoutParams(Service.WRAP_CONTENT,Service.WRAP_CONTENT);

//#assign layout to popup window.

MyPopupWindow.setContentView(PopupLayout);

MyPopupWindow.setWidth(200);

MyPopupWindow.setHeight(200);

MyPopupWindow.setFocusable(True);

MyPopupWindow.showAtLocation(self,17,0,0);

//#prevent garbage collected by python.

MyPopupWindow._LockGC();

return;

Screenshot:

Examples download:

http://www.srplab.com/android/pythongui_menu_scrollview_popupwindow.rar

Writing android gui using lua(introduction)

srplab — Fri, 27 Apr 2012 23:51:00 +0800

Introduction

Lua is more like python. Both are all dynamic languages, with little difference in syntax. Therefore these series of articles are similar to "write android gui using python" series.
Using CLE and wrapandroid project, programmers can also write android gui applications with lua. CLE supports interaction between lua and java, gives a common interface for multiple programming languages. Wrapandroid project encapsulates android java class with cle objects. This article is an introduction. There will have series of articles to further explain how to programming android applications using lua.

Preparing environment

Unlike python, for lua engine has been embedded in CLE, you do not need to install other support packages.

a: CLE may install from network by application automatically, you need only include starcore_android_r5.jar in the project. The file is in starcore_devfiles_r5.zip, which can be download from http://code.google.com/p/cle-for-android

b: Wrapandroid has two files: wrapandroid.jar and SRPWrapAndroidEngine.xml, which can be download from http:/code.google.com/p/wrapandroid-for-multilaguage/download/wrapandroid_devfiles_0_8_2.rar

Begin programming

a. Open eclipse, create a new android project, for example, “introduction”

b. Add Permission, which is used to download and install cle for the application

c. copy files : starcore_android_r5.jar and wrapandroid.jar into the project directory, and add them to java build path, as shown below.

d. copy file : SRPWrapAndroidEngine.xml to assets directory.

e. edit IntroductionActivity.java

import com.srplab.wrapandroid.*;

public class IntroductionActivity extends WrapAndroidActivity {

/** Called when the activity is first created. */

@Override

public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {

super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);

//setContentView(R.layout.main);

StarActivity._Call("DoAssetsFile", "lua", "code.lua");

}

f. create new text file code.lua in assets directory.

code.lua

get current service maintained by cle

SrvGroup = libstarcore._GetSrvGroup()

Service = SrvGroup:_GetService("","")

get current activity, which is created by wrapandroid at init stage

StarActivity = Service.ActivityClass:getCurrent();

from now on, we can create gui elements. The first element should be layout element, which may be linear layout, absolute layout, etc. In this example, we create linear layout, which contains an edit text and buttons.

create root layout

MyLayout = Service.LinearLayoutClass:_New(StarActivity);

MyLayout:setOrientation("VERTICAL");

create title layout and gui elements

MyTitleLayout = Service.LinearLayoutClass:_New(MyLayout);

MyTitleLayout:setLinearLayoutParams(Service.FILL_PARENT,Service.WRAP_CONTENT);

UrlEdit = Service.EditTextClass:_New(MyTitleLayout);

UrlEdit:setText("http://www.google.com");

UrlEdit:setLinearLayoutParams(StarActivity:getWidth()-200,Service.WRAP_CONTENT);

GoButton = Service.ButtonClass:_New(MyTitleLayout);

GoButton:setText("go");

GoButton:setLinearLayoutParams(100,Service.FILL_PARENT);

function GoButton:onClick(ev)

MyWebView:loadUrl(UrlEdit:getText());

end

ExitButton = Service.ButtonClass:_New(MyTitleLayout);

ExitButton:setText("exit");

ExitButton:setLinearLayoutParams(100,Service.FILL_PARENT);

function ExitButton:onClick(ev)

StarActivity:exit(0);

end

create webview layout and webview instance

MyTitleLayout1 = Service.LinearLayoutClass:_New(MyLayout);

MyTitleLayout1:setLinearLayoutParams(Service.FILL_PARENT,Service.FILL_PARENT);

MyWebView = Service.WebViewClass:_New(MyTitleLayout1)

MyWebView:setLinearLayoutParams(Service.FILL_PARENT,Service.FILL_PARENT);

MyWebSettings = MyWebView:getSettings();

MyWebSettings:setJavaScriptEnabled(true);

MyWebSettings:_Free();

The screenshot is as shown below:

Example can be downloaded from http://www.srplab.com/android/luagui_introduction.rar

Writing android gui using python(list view and custom view)

srplab — Thu, 26 Apr 2012 20:00:00 +0800

Introduction

The examples in this article will create a listview and a custom view. Android listview often uses adapter such as “ArrayAdapter(…)”. The syntax is java generic, which may have no corresponding types in dynamic script languages, such as python, lua, etc. Therefore, we have to give specific class, such as StringArrayAdaper, for it can be used in these dynamic languages. For StringArrayAdapter, we can override function getView to return little more complex view for listview. For custom view, we can create instance of View, and override its function onDraw. In function onDraw, we may draw text or bitmaps using function of canvas.

List View

We first create an instance of StringArrayAdapterClass, which is defined wrapandroid.jar package. And then create a list view.

Create StringArrayAdapter and override its function getView

//#create instance of StringArrayAdapterClass

MyStringArrayAdapter = Service.StringArrayAdapterClass._New();

//#override function getView

def MyStringArrayAdapter_getView(self,position, convertView, parent) :

global Service;

//#create linearlayout

i = Service.LinearLayoutClass._New();

px = i.dp2px(5);

//#set padding

i.setPadding(px,px,px,px);

//#set layout parameters, here we should uses function “setAbsListViewLayoutParams”

i.setAbsListViewLayoutParams(Service.WRAP_CONTENT,Service.WRAP_CONTENT);

//#create an imageview

imageView = Service.ImageViewClass._New(i);

//#set padding

imageView.setPadding(5,5,5,5);

//#set layout parameters. Because imageView is child of LinearLayout, we should use function “setLinearLayoutParams”.

imageView.setLinearLayoutParams(i.dp2px(24),i.dp2px(24));

//#create TextView

itextview = Service.TextViewClass._New(i);

//#set layout parameter

itextview.setLinearLayoutParams(Service.WRAP_CONTENT,Service.WRAP_CONTENT);

//#set size of font.

itextview.setTextSize(i.sp2px(18))

//#set content of textview and imageview based on position

if( position == 0 ) :

itextview.setText("Android");

imageView.setImageResource(StarActivity.getResource("drawable/android_logo"));

if( position == 1 ) :

itextview.setText("WindowsMobile");

imageView.setImageResource(StarActivity.getResource("drawable/windowsmobile_logo"));

if( position == 2 ) :

itextview.setText("iOS");

imageView.setImageResource(StarActivity.getResource("drawable/ios_logo"));

if( position == 3 ) :

itextview.setText("Blackberry");

imageView.setImageResource(StarActivity.getResource("drawable/blackberry_logo"));

//#call _LockGC function before function returns to prevent the object GC by python.

i._LockGC();

return i;

MyStringArrayAdapter.getView = MyStringArrayAdapter_getView;

#add string values to StringArrayAdapter.

MyStringArrayAdapter.add("Android");

MyStringArrayAdapter.add("WindowsMobile");

MyStringArrayAdapter.add("iOS");

MyStringArrayAdapter.add("Blackberry");

Create ListView and set its adapter

//#create ListView

MyListView = Service.ListViewClass._New(MyLayout);

//#set its onItemClick event listener.

def MyListView_onItemClick(self, Ev,objid,position,id) :

Service.ToastClass._New().makeText("[MyListView] event on click is onItemClick "+objid,0).show();

MyListView.onItemClick = MyListView_onItemClick;

//#set layout prameter

MyListView.setLinearLayoutParams(Service.FILL_PARENT,150);

//#set adapter

MyListView.setAdapter(MyStringArrayAdapter);

Custom View

For custom view, we can create instance of View, and override its function onDraw. In function onDraw, we may draw text or bitmaps using function of canvas.

Create a Paint and BitmapFactory for using in next step.

MyPaint = Service.PaintClass._New();

MyBitmapFactory = Service.BitmapFactoryClass._New();

Create View and override its function onDraw

def myView_onDraw(self,canvas) :

global MyBitmapFactory,MyPaint

//#call parent onDraw function

self.onSuperDraw(canvas);

//#set color of Paint

MyPaint.setColor(0xFFFF0000);

//#draw a rect on canvas

canvas.drawRect(10, 20, 100, 100, MyPaint);

//#get bitmap from resources.

MyBitmap = MyBitmapFactory.decodeResource(StarActivity.getResource("drawable/aqua02"));

//#draw the bitmap on canvas

canvas.drawBitmap(MyBitmap, 100, 100, None);

//#create an matrix object

matrix=Service.MatrixClass._New();

//#set rotation parameter of matrix

matrix.postScale(0.8, 0.8);

matrix.postRotate(45);

//create a new bitmap and set to the result of previous bitmap with matris

dstbmp=Service.BitmapClass._New();

dstbmp.createBitmap0(MyBitmap,0,0,MyBitmap.getWidth(),MyBitmap.getHeight(),matrix,True);

//#draw the bitmap

canvas.drawBitmap(dstbmp, 300, 100, None);

//#free object created locally

matrix._Free();

dstbmp._Free();

MyBitmap._Free();

myView.onDraw = myView_onDraw;

//#set layout parameter.

myView.setLinearLayoutParams(Service.FILL_PARENT,Service.FILL_PARENT);

Screenshot:

Examples download:

http://www.srplab.com/android/listandcustomview.rar

Writing android gui using python(gallery)

srplab — Sun, 22 Apr 2012 19:39:00 +0800

Introduction

Wrapandroid version is updated to 0.8.2. Please uses this version.

We might write python code outside eclipse. In this case, we have no logcat window to show print message from python. Do not worry about, cle supports syslog. The message can be output to syslog server. Using the following sentence to open syslog client:

SrvGroup._SetOutputPort("192.168.0.129",514)
The ipaddress should be adjusted based on your environment.

Output likes this:

Android gallery is a little more complicate gui element. In order to use gallery, we should first create an adapter, override its functions. And then, gallery object uses the adapter to obtain the content to be drawn.

Create adapter object

Wrapandroid’s adpterClass encapsulates android java class adapter. It has functions can be override, such as getCount, getItem, getItemId, getView,etc. Detailed explains of these functions, please refer to android documents.

1. Create bitmap object

Bitmap0 = StarActivity.getBitmapDrawable(StarActivity.getResource("drawable/aqua02")).getBitmap();
Bitmap1 = StarActivity.getBitmapDrawable(StarActivity.getResource("drawable/aqua03")).getBitmap();
Bitmap2 = StarActivity.getBitmapDrawable(StarActivity.getResource("drawable/aqua04")).getBitmap();
Bitmap3 = StarActivity.getBitmapDrawable(StarActivity.getResource("drawable/aqua05")).getBitmap();

Bitmap resources locates in project directory res\drawable-hdpi.

2. getCount, getItem,and getItemId function

MyAdapter = Service.AdapterClass._New()
def MyAdapter_getCount(self) :
return 4;
MyAdapter.getCount = MyAdapter_getCount;
def MyAdapter_getItem(self,position) :
return position;
MyAdapter.getItem = MyAdapter_getItem;
def MyAdapter_getItemId(self,position) :
return position;
MyAdapter.getItemId = MyAdapter_getItemId;

3. getView function

def MyAdapter_getView(self,position,convertView,parent) :
global Service;
i = Service.ImageViewClass._New();
if( position == 0 ) :
i.setImageBitmap(Bitmap0);
if( position == 1 ) :
i.setImageBitmap(Bitmap1);
if( position == 2 ) :
i.setImageBitmap(Bitmap2);
if( position == 3 ) :
i.setImageBitmap(Bitmap3);
i.setGalleryLayoutParams(Service.FILL_PARENT,Service.FILL_PARENT);
i.setScaleType("FIT_XY");
i.setBackgroundResource(StarActivity.getResource("mGalleryItemBackground"));
i._LockGC();
return i;
MyAdapter.getView = MyAdapter_getView;

Because imageview object is created by python, when function returns. the object will be freed by GC. So, we should call _LockGC before function return.

Create Gallery object

MyGallery = Service.GalleryClass._New(MyLayout)
def MyGallery_onItemClick(self,event,objid,position,id ):
Service.ToastClass._New().makeText("[MyGallery] event on onItemClick is trigger "+objid+str(position)+str(id),0).show();
MyGallery.onItemClick = MyGallery_onItemClick;
MyGallery.setAdapter(MyAdapter);
MyGallery.setLinearLayoutParams(Service.FILL_PARENT,Service.FILL_PARENT);

Screenshot:

Examples download:

http://www.srplab.com/android/pythongui_gallery.rar

Writing android gui using python(basic gui elements)

srplab — Wed, 18 Apr 2012 21:28:00 +0800

Let’s continue the topic. In this article, we gives example of basic android gui elements created and controlled using python, which may be buttons, textviews, checkboxs, radiobuttons.

Before the topic, we discuss how to create timer using python. Python script code runs in the thread context of android main activity. Therefore, we can not use local loop statement for example, “while”, to wait some actions, such as waiting response from remote server. In this case, a timer may be used. Based on the support of CLE, create a timer using python is simple, there are three steps:

1. create an object.

2. define a timer function and assign to the object.

3. create an object’s timer.

The detailed code example is as follow

timerobj = Service._New();

def timerobj _timerfunc(self,arg1,arg2) :

print(“timer is trigger”);

timerobj.timerfunc = timerobj _timerfunc;

timerobj._SetTimer(100, timerobj.timerfunc,0,0); # timer triggered per second.

For basic android gui elements, the corresponding cle class name are “ButtoClass”, “TextViewClass”, “EditClass”, “CheckBoxClass”, “RadioGroupClass”, “RadioButtonClass”. The naming rules is android java class name with suffix “Class”, which is easy to remember. Functions and events are similar to android class. So, for detailed information about the class, you can refer to android development kit documents. By now, wrapandroid project is in progress, it wrap general used functions and events of the class. Which are wrapped, please refer to document wrapandroid.chm.

In order to place gui elements on the screen, we first should create layout, which may by Linear Layout or Absolute Layout. In the example, we use Linear Layout.

1. Create LinearLayout

MyLayout = Service.LinearLayoutClass._New(StarActivity);

MyLayout.setOrientation("VERTICAL");

2. Create a button, set text, and textcolor

Button = Service.ButtonClass._New(MyLayout);

Button.setText("hello button");

Button.setTextColor(0xFF0000FF);

Button.setLinearLayoutParams(Service.FILL_PARENT,Service.WRAP_CONTENT);

def Button_onClick(self,ev) :

Service.ToastClass._New().makeText("button is clicked",0).show();

Button.onClick = Button_onClick;

3. Create a textview

Text = Service.TextViewClass._New(MyLayout);

Text.setText("hello text");

Text.setTextColor(0xFFFF0000);

Text.setTextSize(30);

Text.setLinearLayoutParams(Service.WRAP_CONTENT,Service.WRAP_CONTENT);

4. Create an EditText

MyEdit = Service.EditTextClass._New(MyLayout);

MyEdit.setLinearLayoutParams(Service.FILL_PARENT,Service.WRAP_CONTENT);

5. Create an RadioGroup

MyRadioGroup = Service.RadioGroupClass._New(MyLayout);

MyRadioGroup.setLinearLayoutParams(Service.FILL_PARENT,Service.WRAP_CONTENT);

def MyRadioGroup_onCheckedChanged(self,Event,objid) :

Service.ToastClass._New().makeText("[MyRadioGroup] event on click is trigger"+objid,0).show();

return;

MyRadioGroup.onCheckedChanged = MyRadioGroup_onCheckedChanged;

6. Create RadioButton in the group

MyRadioButton1 = Service.RadioButtonClass._New(MyRadioGroup);

MyRadioButton1.setText("RadioButton1");

MyRadioButton2 = Service.RadioButtonClass._New(MyRadioGroup);

MyRadioButton2.setText("RadioButton2");

7. Create a timer, in timer, we update content of textview.

Index = 1;

def Text_timerfunc(self,TimerID,arg1,arg2) :

global Index

self.setText("hello text "+str(Index));

Index = Index + 1;

Text.timerfunc = Text_timerfunc;

Text._SetTimer(1, Text.timerfunc,0,0);

Screenshot:

Examples download:
http://www.srplab.com/android/pythongui_basicguielements.rar

Writing android gui using python(introduction)

srplab — Sun, 15 Apr 2012 17:05:00 +0800

PythonForAndroid provides support for python script language on android. CLE project supports interaction between python and java, gives a common interface for multiple programming languages. And wrapandroid project encapsulates android java class with cle objects. Using the three components, programmers can write android gui programs with python directly. This article is an introduction. There will have series of articles to further explain how to programming android applications using python.

1. Preparing environment.

a: install PythonForAndroid from http://code.google.com/p/android-scripting

b: CLE may install from network by application automatically, you need only include starcore_android_r5.jar in the project. The file is in starcore_devfiles_r5.zip, which can be download from http://code.google.com/p/cle-for-android

c: Wrapandroid has two files: wrapandroid.jar and SRPWrapAndroidEngine.xml, which can be download from http:/code.google.com/p/wrapandroid-for-multilaguage/download/wrapandroid_devfiles_0_8_1.rar

2. Begin programming

a. Open eclipse, create a new android project, for example, “introduction”

b. Add Permission, which is used to download and install cle for the application

c. copy files : starcore_android_r5.jar and wrapandroid.jar into the project directory, and add them to java build path, as shown below.

d. copy file : SRPWrapAndroidEngine.xml to assets directory.

e. edit IntroductionActivity.java

import com.srplab.wrapandroid.*;

public class IntroductionActivity extends WrapAndroidActivity {

/** Called when the activity is first created. */

@Override

public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {

super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);

//setContentView(R.layout.main);

StarActivity._Call("DoAssetsFile", "python", "code.py");

}

f. create new text file code.py in assets directory.

3. code.py

a. get current service maintained by cle

SrvGroup = libstarpy._GetSrvGroup()

Service = SrvGroup._GetService("","")

b. get current activity, which is created by wrapandroid at init stage

StarActivity = Service.ActivityClass.getCurrent();

c. create root layout

MyLayout = Service.LinearLayoutClass._New(StarActivity);

MyLayout.setOrientation("VERTICAL");

d. create title layout and gui elements

MyTitleLayout = Service.LinearLayoutClass._New(MyLayout);

MyTitleLayout.setLinearLayoutParams(Service.FILL_PARENT,Service.WRAP_CONTENT);

UrlEdit = Service.EditTextClass._New(MyTitleLayout);

UrlEdit.setText("http://www.google.com");

UrlEdit.setLinearLayoutParams(StarActivity.getWidth()-200,Service.WRAP_CONTENT);

GoButton = Service.ButtonClass._New(MyTitleLayout);

GoButton.setText("go");

GoButton.setLinearLayoutParams(100,Service.FILL_PARENT);

def GoButton_onClick(self,ev) :

global MyWebView;

MyWebView.loadUrl(UrlEdit.getText());

GoButton.onClick = GoButton_onClick;

ExitButton = Service.ButtonClass._New(MyTitleLayout);

ExitButton.setText("exit");

ExitButton.setLinearLayoutParams(100,Service.FILL_PARENT);

def ExitButton_onClick(self,ev) :

global StarActivity;

StarActivity.exit(0);

ExitButton.onClick = ExitButton_onClick;

e. create webview layout and webview instance

MyTitleLayout1 = Service.LinearLayoutClass._New(MyLayout);

MyTitleLayout1.setLinearLayoutParams(Service.FILL_PARENT,Service.FILL_PARENT);

MyWebView = Service.WebViewClass._New(MyTitleLayout1)

MyWebView.setLinearLayoutParams(Service.FILL_PARENT,Service.FILL_PARENT);

MyWebSettings = MyWebView.getSettings();

MyWebSettings.setJavaScriptEnabled(True);

MyWebSettings._Free();

The screenshot is as shown below:

examples can be download from : http://www.srplab.com/android/pythongui_introduction.rar

Let android support multiple programming languages

srplab — Wed, 11 Apr 2012 20:58:00 +0800

Java is used as main language on android to write applications. Although ndk is provided, but it is difficult to write native GUI applications. Can we write programs with other languages? The answer is yes. We can wrap android java classes to expose to special languages, and then uses that language to develop applications. The work should be done once instead of doing it for each language again and again. Using middleware named CLE(common language extension) is able to achieve this. Using CLE, all the work needed to do is encapsulated android class into cle objects, then, multiple languages are supported through cle interface.

Using a figure to illustrate, as shown below:

Wrapping an android class into cle object, there are four steps:

1. Create CLE service and object description

2. Implement Object’s OnCreate and OnDestroy event. In procedure of OnCreate event, we create and record a corresponding instance of android class, and OnDestroy event, we free the instance.

3. In the handler of OnCreate event, after created the android instance, we add event listeners to it. When the listener is triggered, we generate cle event, and the event will be routed by cle to application layer.

4. Write interface functions, for each function, we first get the recorded android instance, and then calls the corresponding functions of the instance.

Based on the support of cle, the work is relatively simple. In this process, we can use ecllipse and java language to write and test. After finish, the result can be called with lua, python, or native c++.

Here uses a simple example to explain the above procedure in details. In this example, we encapsulate a button class.

1. Create CLE service and object description, we can do this with srpdebug tools.

2. OnCreate event of button

/* _OnCreate Event */

public Object[] _OnCreate(Hashtable Ev){

StarObjectClass self = (StarObjectClass)Ev.get("_DesObject");

StarObjectClass parent = (StarObjectClass)self._Get("_Parent");

StarObjectClass activity = (StarObjectClass)self._Call("getActivity");

/* create android button instance */

StarCLEButton button = new StarCLEButton((Activity)WrapAndroidClass.GetAndroidObject(activity,"AndroidObject"),self);

/* record android button instance */

WrapAndroidClass.SetAndroidObject(self,"AndroidObject",(Object)button);

/* set android button instance’s parent */

if( parent != null ){

if( activity == parent ){

Activity android_activity = (Activity)WrapAndroidClass.GetAndroidObject(parent,"AndroidObject");

android_activity.setContentView(button);

}else{

ViewGroup android_viewgroup = (ViewGroup)WrapAndroidClass.GetAndroidObject(parent,"AndroidObject");

android_viewgroup.addView(button);

}

self._LockGC();

self._Call("decAndroidRef"); // release with parent

}

/* Add event listener */

button.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener(){

public void onClick(View v) {

StarObjectClass self = ((BasicAndroidInterface)v).getBasicAndroid().getStarObject();

/* trigger CLE object’s event onClick */

self._ProcessEvent("onClick");

}

});

return null;

}

3. set Text function of Button.

public void setText(StarObjectClass self,String Text){

/*get recorded android instance*/

TextView textview = (TextView)WrapAndroidClass.GetAndroidObject(self,"AndroidObject");

if( textview != null )

/*call android instance’s function setText*/

textview.setText(Text);

}

4. export to jar files: “wrapandroid.jar”

Finish the above steps, we can obtain jar files “wrapandroid.jar” and service description files “WrapAndroidService.xml”. And then, we can write programs with other languages using eclipse.

5. Programming with lua.
a.    Create android project named “myluaexample”
b.    copy “wrapandroid.jar” and “starcore_android_r5.jar” to your project directory. add jar library to your project.

c.    Copy “WrapAndroidService.xml” to assets directory of your project
d.    Add Permission

e.    Create code.lua file in asserts directory, input text
SrvGroup = libstarcore._GetSrvGroup()
Service = SrvGroup:_GetService("","")

--get activity
StarActivity = Service.ActivityClass.getCurrent();

--create AbsoluteLayout
MyLayout = Service.AbsoluteLayoutClass:_New(StarActivity);

--create Button
MyButton = Service.ButtonClass:_New(MyLayout);
MyButton:setText("Hello");
function MyButton:onClick(Event)
self:setText("Is Clicked");
end
f.    Edit “MyluaexampleActivity”, as follow:
@Override
public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
// setContentView(R.layout.main);
StarActivity._Call("DoAssetsFile", "lua", "code.lua");
}
6.    Programming with python.
a.    Install SL4A
b.    Create android project named “mypythonexample”
c.    Create code.py file in asserts directory, input text

SrvGroup = libstarpy._GetSrvGroup()
Service = SrvGroup._GetService("","")

#--get activity
StarActivity = Service.ActivityClass.getCurrent();

#--create AbsoluteLayout
MyLayout = Service.AbsoluteLayoutClass._New(StarActivity);

#--create Button
MyButton = Service.ButtonClass._New(MyLayout);
MyButton.setText("Hello");
def MyButton_onClick(self,Event) :
self.setText("Is Clicked");
MyButton.onClick = MyButton_onClick

d.    Edit “MypythonexampleActivity”, as follow:

public class MypythonexampleActivity extends WrapAndroidActivity {
/** Called when the activity is first created. */
@Override
public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
//setContentView(R.layout.main);
StarActivity._Call("DoAssetsFile", "python", "code.py");
}
}
other steps are same as lua example.
7.    Programming with native c.
a.    Create android project named “mycexample”
b.    Create jni directory, enter jni, and create header files from xml file, using command
star2h ..\assets\WrapAndroidService.xml
c.    create Code.cpp source file
#include "WrapAndroidService_VSDHeader.h"

static class ClassOfSRPInterface *SRPInterface;
static void *StarActivity;

static VS_INT32 MyButton_onClick(VS_ULONG FunctionChoice,void *EventPara)
{
VS_EVENTPARAM *EventParam;

EventParam = (VS_EVENTPARAM *)EventPara;
SRPInterface -> ScriptCall(EventParam->SrcObject,NULL,"setText","(s)","Is Clicked");
return 0;
}

VS_BOOL StarCoreService_Init(class ClassOfStarCore *starcore)
{
class ClassOfBasicSRPInterface *BasicSRPInterface;

//--init star core
BasicSRPInterface = starcore ->GetBasicInterface();
SRPInterface = BasicSRPInterface ->GetSRPInterface(BasicSRPInterface->QueryActiveService(NULL),"","");

void *ActivityClass;
ActivityClass = SRPInterface -> GetObjectEx(NULL,"ActivityClass");
StarActivity = (void *)SRPInterface -> ScriptCall(ActivityClass,NULL,"getCurrent","()O");
SRPInterface -> Print("Get Main Activity = %s", SRPInterface -> GetName(StarActivity));

//--create AbsoluteLayout
void *MyLayout = SRPInterface->MallocObject(StarActivity,VSATTRINDEX_ACTIVITYCLASS_VIEWGROUPQUEUE,&VSOBJID_AbsoluteLayoutClass,0,NULL);

//--create Button
void *MyButton = SRPInterface->MallocObject(MyLayout,VSATTRINDEX_ABSOLUTELAYOUTCLASS_VIEWQUEUE,&VSOBJID_ButtonClass,0,NULL);
SRPInterface -> ScriptCall(MyButton,NULL,"setText","(s)","Hello");
SRPInterface -> RegEventFunction(MyButton,&VSOUTEVENTID_ButtonClass_onClick,MyButton,(void *)MyButton_onClick,0);

return VS_TRUE;
}

void StarCoreService_Term(class ClassOfStarCore *starcore)
{
SRPInterface -> Release();
return;
}

d.    create Android.mk.

LOCAL_PATH := $(call my-dir)
include $(CLEAR_VARS)

# Here we give our module name and sourcefile(s)
LOCAL_CFLAGS += -Wno-write-strings -DENV_ANDROID
LOCAL_CPPFLAGS += -Wno-write-strings -fexceptions -DENV_ANDROID
LOCAL_LDFLAGS += -Wno-write-strings -DENV_ANDROID

LOCAL_C_INCLUDES += cle_files/include

#--------source file
MODULE_CXXSRCS := Code.cpp WrapAndroidService_UUIDDef.cpp

LOCAL_SRC_FILES := ${MODULE_CXXSRCS}
LOCAL_LDLIBS := cle_files/libs/armeabi/libstarlib.a

LOCAL_MODULE := Code

include $(BUILD_SHARED_LIBRARY)
e.    Edit “MycexampleActivity”, as follow:

public class MycexampleActivity extends WrapAndroidActivity {
/** Called when the activity is first created. */
@Override
public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
//setContentView(R.layout.main);
StarActivity._Call("DoFile","","/data/data/com.srplab.mycexample/lib/libCode.so");
}
}

The example can be download from :
http://www.srplab.com/android/wrapandroid.rar
An open source project http://code.google.com/p/wrapandroid-for-multilanguage is in progress. Anyone who has interest can join the project.

Calling C/C++ from java android using CLE

srplab — Sun, 4 Mar 2012 16:14:00 +0800

There are lots of resources written in C/C++ languages. But on android platform, Java is major language. Developers have to using JNI to wrap the interface of c/c++ codes. JNI is suitable for simple case. For more complicate application, programmers have to maintain references of c++ objects to java objects, process callback functions from c/c++ to java, etc, which are not easy. Using CLE, these works will be done by CLE, programmers only need to focus on specific functions.

For java calls c/c++ using CLE, method is not directly as java calls scripts, such as lua, python, etc. Because, script languages are all have reflection mechanism. We can get functions and attributes definition dynamically. But for C/C++, there has no similar mechanism. All definitions in source code will be compiled into binary code. Therefore, we need descript functions and attributes of objects first, if CLE is used.

There are two methods to descript object’s attributes and functions.

First method, using interface functions of CLE.

void *AtomicClass,*Add_AtomicFunction,*Print_AtomicFunction;

AtomicClass = SRPInterface ->CreateAtomicObjectSimple("TestItem","TestClass","VS_INT32 CValue",NULL,NULL);

Add_AtomicFunction = SRPInterface ->CreateAtomicFunctionSimple(AtomicClass,"CAdd","VS_INT32 CAdd(VS_INT32 x,VS_INT32 y);",NULL,NULL,VS_FALSE,VS_FALSE);

Print_AtomicFunction = SRPInterface ->CreateAtomicFunctionSimple(AtomicClass,"CPrint","void CPrint(VS_INT32 x,VS_INT32 y);",NULL,NULL,VS_FALSE,VS_FALSE);

Second method, using xml string generates object’s attributes and functions.

void *AtomicClass,*Add_AtomicFunction,*Print_AtomicFunction;

class ClassOfSRPSXMLInterface *SXMLInterface;

SXMLInterface = BasicSRPInterface -> GetSXMLInterface();

SXMLInterface -> LoadFromBuf(

" <?xml version=\"1.0\" encoding=\"utf-8\" ?>\n"

" <sysrootitem>\n"

" <TestItem>\n"

" <object>\n"

" <TestClass ID=\"ed51e615-e548-442e-8802-a99b2fa8fe15\">\n"

" <attribute>\n"

" <CValue Type=\"VS_INT32\" />\n"

" </attribute>\n"

" <function>\n"

" <CAdd ID=\"f402fd47-8bea-4136-b7f7-45bb7fb51b14\">\n"

" <input Name=\"x\" Type=\"VS_INT32\" />\n"

" <input Name=\"y\" Type=\"VS_INT32\" />\n"

" <output Type=\"VS_INT32\" />\n"

" </CAdd>\n"

" <CPrint ID=\"da44c24e-f20a-46e3-8d37-49c3b90c6c05\">\n"

" <input Name=\"x\" Type=\"VS_INT32\" />\n"

" <input Name=\"y\" Type=\"VS_INT32\" />\n"

" </CPrint>\n"

" </function>\n"

" </TestClass>\n"

" </object>\n"

" </TestItem>\n"

" </sysrootitem>\n"

,NULL);

SRPInterface -> XmlToSysRootItem(SXMLInterface,NULL,"",NULL,0);

AtomicClass = SRPInterface ->GetAtomicObject(_UUIDPTR("ed51e615-e548-442e-8802-a99b2fa8fe15"));

Add_AtomicFunction = SRPInterface ->GetAtomicFunction(_UUIDPTR("f402fd47-8bea-4136-b7f7-45bb7fb51b14"));

Print_AtomicFunction = SRPInterface ->GetAtomicFunction(_UUIDPTR("da44c24e-f20a-46e3-8d37-49c3b90c6c05"));

After finish object’s attributes and functions, we can attach functions body address:

//---Set Function Address

SRPInterface -> SetAtomicFunction(Add_AtomicFunction,(void *)CAdd);

SRPInterface -> SetAtomicFunction(Print_AtomicFunction,(void *)CPrint);

By now, the functions and attributes can be accessed from java.

java code:

StarObjectClass a = Service._GetObject("TestClass")._New();

a._Call("CAdd",12,34));

Callback of c/c++ to java:

java call back function:

StarObjectClass a = Service._GetObject("TestClass")._New()._Assign(new StarObjectClass(){

public int JavaAdd(StarObjectClass self,int x,int y){

return x+y;

}

});

c code:

VS_INT32 ScriptStack;

ScriptStack = SRPInterface -> ScriptGetStack(); //----save script stack

SRPInterface -> Print( "Function result from java %d",SRPInterface -> ScriptCall(Object,NULL,"JavaAdd","(ii)i)",x,y) );

SRPInterface -> ScriptSetStack(ScriptStack);

source code ( integrate CLE with your project):

1. Download devfiles from http://code.google.com/p/cle-for-android, and then Open Eclipse

2. Create project for android.

3. Add CLE jar to project as follows:

4. c++ codes

#include "vsopenapi.h"

class ClassOfSRPInterface *SRPInterface;

struct StructOfTestClass{

VS_INT32 CValue;

};

static VS_INT32 CAdd(void *Object,VS_INT32 x,VS_INT32 y)

{

struct StructOfTestClass *TestClass;

TestClass = (struct StructOfTestClass *)Object;

TestClass -> CValue = 200;

SRPInterface -> Print("Call c function...");

return x+y;

}

static void CPrint(void *Object,VS_INT32 x,VS_INT32 y)

{

VS_INT32 ScriptStack;

ScriptStack = SRPInterface -> ScriptGetStack(); //----save script stack

SRPInterface -> Print( "Value defined in java is %d",SRPInterface -> ScriptGetInt(Object,"JavaValue") );

SRPInterface -> Print( "Function result from java %d",SRPInterface -> ScriptCall(Object,NULL,"JavaAdd","(ii)i)",x,y) );

SRPInterface -> ScriptSetStack(ScriptStack); //----restore script stack

}

VS_BOOL StarCoreService_Init(class ClassOfStarCore *starcore)

{

void *AtomicClass,*Add_AtomicFunction,*Print_AtomicFunction;

class ClassOfBasicSRPInterface *BasicSRPInterface;

//--init star core

BasicSRPInterface = starcore ->GetBasicInterface();

SRPInterface = BasicSRPInterface ->GetSRPInterface(BasicSRPInterface->QueryActiveService(NULL),"","");

//---Create Atomic Class, for define function,

AtomicClass = SRPInterface ->CreateAtomicObjectSimple("TestItem","TestClass","VS_INT32 CValue",NULL,NULL);

Add_AtomicFunction = SRPInterface ->CreateAtomicFunctionSimple(AtomicClass,"CAdd","VS_INT32 CAdd(VS_INT32 x,VS_INT32 y);",NULL,NULL,VS_FALSE,VS_FALSE);

Print_AtomicFunction = SRPInterface ->CreateAtomicFunctionSimple(AtomicClass,"CPrint","void CPrint(VS_INT32 x,VS_INT32 y);",NULL,NULL,VS_FALSE,VS_FALSE);

//---Set Function Address

SRPInterface -> SetAtomicFunction(Add_AtomicFunction,(void *)CAdd);

SRPInterface -> SetAtomicFunction(Print_AtomicFunction,(void *)CPrint);

return VS_TRUE;

}

void StarCoreService_Term(class ClassOfStarCore *starcore)

{

SRPInterface -> Release();

return;

}

Compile code into share library using NDK, the Android.mk is:

LOCAL_PATH := $(call my-dir)

include $(CLEAR_VARS)

# Here we give our module name and sourcefile(s)

LOCAL_CFLAGS += -Wno-write-strings -DENV_ANDROID

LOCAL_CPPFLAGS += -Wno-write-strings -fexceptions -DENV_ANDROID

LOCAL_LDFLAGS += -Wno-write-strings -DENV_ANDROID

LOCAL_C_INCLUDES += ../../cle_files/include

#--------source file

MODULE_CXXSRCS := AddFunction.cpp

LOCAL_SRC_FILES := ${MODULE_CXXSRCS}

LOCAL_LDLIBS := ../../cle_files/libs/armeabi/libstarlib.a

LOCAL_MODULE := AddFunction

include $(BUILD_SHARED_LIBRARY)

5. Java Codes:

package com.cle.cfromjava;

import android.app.Activity;

import android.os.Bundle;

import com.srplab.www.starcore.*;

import com.srplab.netinst.*;

public class CfromjavaActivity extends Activity {

/** Called when the activity is first created. */

@Override

public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {

super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);

setContentView(R.layout.main);

//--init CLE

starcore_net_inst.InstallZipFile(this,"libstarcore.so","http://www.srplab.com/android/starcore_armeabi_r3.zip", "/data/data/com.cle.cfromjava/files");

StarCoreFactoryPath.StarCoreShareLibraryPath = "/data/data/com.cle.cfromjava/files";

StarCoreFactoryPath.StarCoreOperationPath = "/data/data/com.cle.cfromjava/files";

StarCoreFactory starcore= StarCoreFactory.GetFactory();

StarServiceClass Service=starcore._InitSimple("test","123",0,0);

Service._CheckPassword(false);

Service._DoFile("","/data/data/com.cle.cfromjava/lib/libAddFunction.so","");

StarObjectClass a = Service._GetObject("TestClass")._New()._Assign(new StarObjectClass(){

public int JavaAdd(StarObjectClass self,int x,int y){

System.out.println("Call java function...");

return x+y;

}

});

a._Set("JavaValue",100);

System.out.println(a._Call("CAdd",12,34));

System.out.println(a._Get("CValue"));

a._Call("CPrint",56,78);

starcore._ModuleExit();

}

}
examples can be downloaded from http://www.srplab.com/android/calling_c_from_java.rar

Calling lua from java android using CLE

srplab — Tue, 28 Feb 2012 22:51:00 +0800

Java is major language to develop applications on android platform. But, in some case, programmers want to call lua code from java to perform some functions. There are many articles discussing this topic. Here, we present another method, which uses CLE middleware to call lua from java application on android.

CLE(Common Language Extension) is developed by srplab which presents functions to aid multi-language calls between scripts, including java, python, lua, etc. A lua engine has been compiled into cle core library. Using CLE, java calls lua code becomes very easy. Architecture of CLE is as follow:

Java calls lua functions:

lua function:

Obj=Service:_New("TestClass");

function Obj:LuaAdd(x,y)

return x+y;

end

java code:

StarObjectClass a = Service._GetObject("TestClass")._New();

a._Call("LuaAdd",12,34));

Callback of lua to java:

java call back function:

StarObjectClass a = Service._GetObject("TestClass")._New()._Assign(new StarObjectClass(){

public int JavaAdd(StarObjectClass self,int x,int y){

return x+y;

}

});

lua code:

Obj:JavaAdd(x,y)

Java gets object’s attributes defined in lua

Lua: Obj.LuaValue = 200;

Java: a._Get("LuaValue")

Lua gets object’s attributes defined in java

Java : a._Set("JavaValue",100);

Lua : self.JavaValue

Method1 source code ( intergrate CLE with your project):

1. Download devfiles from http://code.google.com/p/cle-for-android, and then Open Eclipse

2. Create project for android.

3. Add CLE libraries to project as follows:

4. Lua codes

SrvGroup = libstarcore._GetSrvGroup()

Service = SrvGroup:_GetService("","")

--Create objects

Obj=Service:_New("TestClass");

--Define functions

function Obj:LuaAdd(x,y)

print("Call lua function...");

return x+y;

end

--Call java functions

function Obj:LuaPrint(x,y)

print( "Value defined in java is ",self.JavaValue );

print( "Function result from java ",self:JavaAdd(x,y) );

end

--define Attributes

Obj.LuaValue = 200;

5. Java Codes:

package com.cle.luafromjava;

import android.app.Activity;

import android.os.Bundle;

import android.content.res.AssetManager;

import java.io.IOException;

import java.io.InputStream;

import com.srplab.www.starcore.*;

public class LuafromjavaActivity extends Activity {

/** Called when the activity is first created. */

@Override

public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {

super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);

setContentView(R.layout.main);

//--init CLE

StarCoreFactoryPath.InitDefault(Runtime.getRuntime(),"/data/data/com.cle.luafromjava");

StarCoreFactory starcore= StarCoreFactory.GetFactory();

StarServiceClass Service=starcore._InitSimple("test","123",0,0);

Service._CheckPassword(false);

AssetManager assetManager = getAssets();

try{

String luabuf;

InputStream dataSource = assetManager.open("code.lua");

int size=dataSource.available();

byte[] buffer=new byte[size];

dataSource.read(buffer);

dataSource.close();

luabuf=new String(buffer);

Service._RunScript("lua",luabuf,"cmd","");

}

catch(IOException e ){

}

StarObjectClass a = Service._GetObject("TestClass")._New()._Assign(new StarObjectClass(){

public int JavaAdd(StarObjectClass self,int x,int y){

System.out.println("Call java function...");

return x+y;

}

});

a._Set("JavaValue",100);

System.out.println(a._Get("LuaValue"));

System.out.println(a._Call("LuaAdd",12,34));

a._Call("LuaPrint",56,78);

}

Method2 source code ( install cle from http://code.google.com/p/cle-for-android independently):

1. Install CLE from http://code.google.com/p/cle-for-android/downloads/list

2. Download devfiles from http://code.google.com/p/cle-for-android, and then Open Eclipse

3. Create project for android.

4. Add starcore_android_r3.jar to project

5. Lua codes

same as method 1

6. Java codes

delete the following code line. others are same as method1

StarCoreFactoryPath.InitDefault(Runtime.getRuntime(),"/data/data/com.cle.luafromjava");

examples can be downloaded from http://www.srplab.com/android/calling_lua_from_java.rar

Calling python from java for android using CLE and SL4A

srplab — Mon, 27 Feb 2012 23:45:00 +0800

Java is major language to develop applications on android platform. But, in some case, programmers want to call python code from java to perform some functions. By now, there is no direct method to write program with python.

SL4A is an open project, which supports script languages including python, lua, etc. But calling python from java has not been supported directly. Programmers have to use JNI method, and native code to write interface for python. This is more difficult, you have to manage relationship between java objects and python objects, kinds of references, interface parameters conversion, and callback functions from python to java.

CLE(Common Language Extension) is a middleware which presents functions to aid multi-language calls between scripts, including java and python. Using CLE, the above problems can be solved easily. Architecture of CLE is as follow:

Java calls python functions:

python function:

Obj=Service._New("TestClass");

def Obj_PythonAdd(self,x,y) :

return x+y;

Obj.PythonAdd = Obj_PythonAdd;

java code:

StarObjectClass a = Service._GetObject("TestClass")._New();

a._Call("PythonAdd",12,34));

Callback of python to java:

java call back function:

StarObjectClass a = Service._GetObject("TestClass")._New()._Assign(new StarObjectClass(){

public int JavaAdd(StarObjectClass self,int x,int y){

return x+y;

}

});

python code:

Obj.JavaAdd(x,y)

Java gets object’s attributes defined in python

Python: Obj.PythonValue = 200;

Java: a._Get("PythonValue")

Python gets object’s attributes defined in java

Java : a._Set("JavaValue",100);

Python: self.JavaValue

Method1 source code ( intergrate CLE with your project):

1. Install SL4A from http://code.google.com/p/android-scripting/downloads/list

2. Download devfiles from http://code.google.com/p/cle-for-android, and then Open Eclipse

3. Create project for android.

4. Add CLE libraries to project as follows:

5. Python codes

SrvGroup = libstarpy._GetSrvGroup()

Service = SrvGroup._GetService("","")

#Create objects

Obj=Service._New("TestClass");

#Define functions

def Obj_PythonAdd(self,x,y) :

print("Call python function...");

return x+y;

Obj.PythonAdd = Obj_PythonAdd;

#Call java functions

def Obj_PythonPrint(self,x,y) :

print( "Value defined in java is ",self.JavaValue );

print( "Function result from java ",self.JavaAdd(x,y) );

Obj.PythonPrint = Obj_PythonPrint;

#define Attributes

Obj.PythonValue = 200;

6. Java Codes:

package com.cle.pythonfromjava;

import android.app.Activity;

import android.os.Bundle;

import android.content.res.AssetManager;

import java.io.IOException;

import java.io.InputStream;

import com.srplab.www.starcore.*;

public class PytonfromjavaActivity extends Activity {

/** Called when the activity is first created. */

@Override

public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {

super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);

setContentView(R.layout.main);

//--init CLE

StarCoreFactoryPath.InitDefault(Runtime.getRuntime(),"/data/data/com.cle.pythonfromjava");

StarCoreFactory starcore= StarCoreFactory.GetFactory();

StarServiceClass Service=starcore._InitSimple("test","123",0,0);

Service._CheckPassword(false);

AssetManager assetManager = getAssets();

try{

String pythonbuf;

InputStream dataSource = assetManager.open("code.py");

int size=dataSource.available();

byte[] buffer=new byte[size];

dataSource.read(buffer);

dataSource.close();

pythonbuf=new String(buffer);

Service._RunScript("python",pythonbuf,"cmd","");

}

catch(IOException e ){

}

StarObjectClass a = Service._GetObject("TestClass")._New()._Assign(new StarObjectClass(){

public int JavaAdd(StarObjectClass self,int x,int y){

System.out.println("Call java function...");

return x+y;

}

});

a._Set("JavaValue",100);

System.out.println(a._Get("PythonValue"));

System.out.println(a._Call("PythonAdd",12,34));

a._Call("PythonPrint",56,78);

}

Method2 source code ( install cle from http://code.google.com/p/cle-for-android independently):

1. Install SL4A from http://code.google.com/p/android-scripting/downloads/list

2. Install CLE from http://code.google.com/p/cle-for-android/downloads/list

3. Download devfiles from http://code.google.com/p/cle-for-android, and then Open Eclipse

4. Create project for android.

5. Python codes

same as method 1

6. Java codes

delete the following code line. others are same as method1

StarCoreFactoryPath.InitDefault(Runtime.getRuntime(),"/data/data/com.cle.pythonfromjava");

Examples may be downloaded from http://www.srplab.com/android/calling_python_from_java.rar

Wrapping Irrlicht For Android

srplab — Sun, 19 Feb 2012 19:37:00 +0800

Irrlicht is well-known open source 3D engine, which supports multiple platforms. It has been ported to android by Laurent Mallet, source code can be obtained from https://gitorious.org/irrlichtandroid/. The code is written in c++ language, but android mainly supports the java language. Using native c++ on android to develop applications is more difficult, and not convenient, especially to debug. For developer to use irrlicht easily, it is best to provide java interfaces.

The work here is wrapping irrlicht engine to enable it to provide the java interface. Traditional method for java calling native code is using the jni mechanism. But irrlicht engine is big and has many render objects. Using jni directly to wrap irrlicht will be a hard work. We have to define classes in java, create c++ code skeleton, maintain global reference of java object to irrlicht render object, process callback, etc. In order to simplify programming, CLE is used as middleware to help java to call native code.

CLE(common language extension) is developed by srplab( http://www.srplab.com ), which presents a general method for mixed language calls. It supports distributed object technique, which objects as medium to implement the mixed call between languages. Programming with cle, you need not care about details of special script languages, and the wrapping supports many languages such as java, lua, python, etc.

Wrapping irrlicht with cle, the first step is to create interface description using xml language, as follows:

……

……

……

The above xml description can also be created using tools srpdebug, which can be downloaded from srplab web site. After finishing the description, uses srpdebug tool or star2c command line tool to create c/c++ code skeleton.

Each object will be associated with one or more irrlicht objects. For above “IrrDeviceClass”, when is activated, an irrlicht device object will be created, as follows :

SRPIrrlichtES2EngineBasicModule_IrrDeviceClass.cpp:

….

case VSEVENT_SYSTEMEVENT_ONACTIVATE:

//TriggerForLoadFlag = LocalEventParaPtr -> RequestParam -> LParam;

{

IrrlichtDeviceClassLocalBuf = (struct StructOfIrrlichtDeviceClassLocalBuf *)pSRP -> GetPrivateBuf( IrrDeviceClassPtr, IrrlichtDeviceClass_ClassLayer,IRRLICHTDEVICECLASS_LOCALVARINDEX, NULL );

if( IrrlichtDeviceClassLocalBuf -> SRPEventReceiver == NULL )

IrrlichtDeviceClassLocalBuf -> SRPEventReceiver = new class ClassOfSRPEventReceiver();

if( IrrlichtDeviceClassLocalBuf ->IrrlichtDevice == NULL ){

irr::SIrrlichtCreationParameters param;

param.DriverType = video::EDT_OGLES2;

param.WindowId = (void *)IrrDeviceClassPtr ->RenderWnd;

param.WindowSize = core::dimension2d(IrrDeviceClassPtr->Width, IrrDeviceClassPtr->Height);

param.Bits = 16;

param.Fullscreen = false;

param.Stencilbuffer = false;

param.Vsync = false;

param.AntiAlias = false;

param.HighPrecisionFPU = false;

param.EventReceiver = IrrlichtDeviceClassLocalBuf -> SRPEventReceiver;

IrrlichtDeviceClassLocalBuf ->IrrlichtDevice = irr::createDeviceEx(param);

#if( VS_OS_TYPE == VS_OS_WINDOWS)

_control87( _MCW_EM,0x801f );

#endif

}

pSRP ->GetID(IrrDeviceClassPtr,&g_DeviceObjectID);

break;

Finish the c++ code, create project to generate SRPIrrlichtES2EngineBasicModule.dll for windows, or libSRPIrrlichtES2EngineBasicModule_android.so for android.

For java to call above library, code is as follow:

starcore= StarCoreFactory.GetFactory();

Service=starcore._InitSimple("test","123",0,0,"SRPIrrlichtES2Engine.xml");

SrvGroup = (StarSrvGroupClass)Service._Get("_ServiceGroup");

Device=Service._GetObject("IrrDeviceClass")._New();

Device._Set("Width",800);

Device._Set("Height",480);

Device._Set("Color",0x7F7F7F7F);

Device._Active();

When Device._Active() is called, the c++ event VSEVENT_SYSTEMEVENT_ONACTIVATE will be generated, then, the corresponding irrlicht device is created.

An example Helloworld:

The wrapping work is in progress, you can download full source code from http://code.google.com/p/wrapirrlicht-for-android

A simple opengl example of android using cle

srplab — Mon, 21 Nov 2011 21:49:00 +0800

Using common language extension(cle) as interface middleware, you need not care about JNI. The programming may be simple. This example is copied from ndk example hello-gl2 with small change to use cle.

c code is as follows:

++ #include "vsopenapi.h"

…

-- bool setupGraphics(int w, int h) {

++ bool setupGraphics(void *object,int w, int h) {

…

}

-- void renderFrame() {

++ void renderFrame(void *object) {

…

}

-- extern "C" {

-- JNIEXPORT void JNICALL Java_com_android_gl2jni_GL2JNILib_init(JNIEnv * env, jobject obj, jint width, jint height);

-- JNIEXPORT void JNICALL Java_com_android_gl2jni_GL2JNILib_step(JNIEnv * env, jobject obj);

--};

-- JNIEXPORT void JNICALL Java_com_android_gl2jni_GL2JNILib_init(JNIEnv * env, jobject obj, jint width, jint height)

-- {

-- setupGraphics(width, height);

-- }

-- JNIEXPORT void JNICALL Java_com_android_gl2jni_GL2JNILib_step(JNIEnv * env, jobject obj)

-- {

-- renderFrame();

-- }

++ VS_BOOL StarCoreService_Init(class ClassOfStarCore *starcore)

++ {

++ void *AtomicClass,*step_AtomicFunction,*init_AtomicFunction;

++ class ClassOfBasicSRPInterface *BasicSRPInterface;

++ class ClassOfSRPInterface *SRPInterface;

++ //--init star core

++ BasicSRPInterface = starcore ->GetBasicInterface();

++ SRPInterface = BasicSRPInterface ->GetSRPInterface(BasicSRPInterface->QueryActiveService(NULL),"","");

++ //---Create Atomic Class, for define function, no attribute

++ AtomicClass = SRPInterface ->CreateAtomicObjectSimple("TestItem","GLTestClass",NULL,NULL,NULL);

++ step_AtomicFunction = SRPInterface ->CreateAtomicFunctionSimple(AtomicClass,"step","void step();",NULL,NULL,VS_FALSE,VS_FALSE);

++ init_AtomicFunction = SRPInterface ->CreateAtomicFunctionSimple(AtomicClass,"init","VS_BOOL init(VS_INT32 width,VS_INT32 height);",NULL,NULL,VS_FALSE,VS_FALSE);

++ //---Set Function Address

++ SRPInterface -> SetAtomicFunction(init_AtomicFunction,(void *)setupGraphics);

++ SRPInterface -> SetAtomicFunction(step_AtomicFunction,(void *)renderFrame);

++ SRPInterface -> Release();

++ return VS_TRUE;

++ }

++ void StarCoreService_Term(class ClassOfStarCore *starcore)

++ {

++ return;

++ }

Android.mk：

LOCAL_PATH := $(call my-dir)

include $(CLEAR_VARS)

# Here we give our module name and sourcefile(s)

LOCAL_CFLAGS += -Wno-write-strings -DENV_ANDROID

LOCAL_CPPFLAGS += -Wno-write-strings -fexceptions -DENV_ANDROID

LOCAL_LDFLAGS += -Wno-write-strings -DENV_ANDROID

LOCAL_C_INCLUDES += ../../../../../android/workspace/include

#--------source file

MODULE_CXXSRCS := gl_code.cpp

LOCAL_SRC_FILES := ${MODULE_CXXSRCS}

LOCAL_LDLIBS := ../../../../../android/workspace/libs/armeabi/libstarlib.a -llog -lGLESv2

LOCAL_MODULE := gltest

include $(BUILD_SHARED_LIBRARY)

java code:

…

++ import com.srplab.www.starcore.*;

…

class GL2JNIView extends GLSurfaceView {

…

++ StarCoreFactory starcore;

++ static StarObjectClass GlObject;

…

private void init(boolean translucent, int depth, int stencil) {

…

++ StarCoreFactory starcore= StarCoreFactory.GetFactory();

++ StarServiceClass Service=starcore._InitSimple("test","123",0,0,"");

++ Service._CheckPassword(false);

++ Service._DoFile("","/data/data/com.srplabgl.gltest/lib/libgltest.so","");

++ GlObject = Service._GetObject("GLTestClass")._New();

…

}

…

private static class Renderer implements GLSurfaceView.Renderer {

public void onDrawFrame(GL10 gl) {

++ GlObject._Call("step");

}

public void onSurfaceChanged(GL10 gl, int width, int height) {

++ GlObject._Call("init",width,height);

}

public void onSurfaceCreated(GL10 gl, EGLConfig config) {

// Do nothing.

}

}

example code can be downloaded from : http://www.srplab.com/android/gltest.rar

In more complicated case, using jni method will be much more difficult. Because programmer have to manager references, callbacks, parameter translations. cle provides powerful and flexible method for java call other languages such as c/c++.

The follow picture is a wrap library for android of anti-grain geomet, which will be released soon after.

please visited http://code.google.com/p/cle-for-android to get more information about cle.

Common Language Extension : For Android

srplab — Tue, 15 Nov 2011 22:00:00 +0800

For android version, CLE is complete free, and current version supports java in calling lua, c/c++, and python(need SL4A). CLE is very easy to use and greatly simplify the programming for java with different other languages. With the help of CLE, programmers can written c/c++ share modules without any knowledge about JNI, can call lua or python and provide callback functions of java to these languages easily.

CLE supports android version android 2.1/2.2/3.0/3.2/4.0. The install package includes a simple lua console.

* Main interface

* Lua console

Project Link: http://code.google.com/p/cle-for-android

Common Language Extension : Architecture

srplab — Tue, 15 Nov 2011 21:53:00 +0800

Common Language Extension(CLE) is a realization of common object environment. It manages interface objects and presents interface to c/c++, lua, java, python, php, c#, etc. Through these interface, special language can create, define, and control interface objects, define their functions and events, or call their functions.

Architecture of objects in CLE is as follows,

Objects are grouped into four kinds: service group object, service object, service item object, object, where service item object may be not existed if you do not develop distributed applications.

Applications based on CLE, mainly is create and init the above four kinds of object. Specific functions or events are provided by object.

The following code is a simple example for java calling lua.

String LuaString;

LuaString = "SrvGroup = libstarcore._GetSrvGroup()\n";

LuaString = LuaString + "Service = SrvGroup:_GetService(\"\",\"\")\n";

LuaString = LuaString + "Obj=Service:_New(\"TestClass\");\n";

LuaString = LuaString + "function Obj:Add(x,y)\n";

LuaString = LuaString + " return x+y;\n";

LuaString = LuaString + "end\n";

Service._CheckPassword(false);

SrvGroup._RunScript("lua",LuaString,"");

StarObjectClass Obj = Service._GetObject("TestClass")._New();

System.out.println(Obj._Call("Add",234,567));

In above example, Interface object “TestClass” is defined by lua, for java to call its function “Add”, a new instance of TestClass is created using java language.

Multi-Language Programming : Distributed Object

srplab — Sun, 30 Oct 2011 22:18:00 +0800

If common object enivronment is deployed on different computers, it will become a distributed object environment. For the environment holds all information and parameters of interface objects, it can act as a proxy for distributed functions of objects. As a result, applications access these distributed objects as if they are located at local, and programmers do not need face with kinds of standards or interface of different languages. For environment supports multi-language, you can developed service using java, c/c++,lua,python,etc, and call it from client side with other languages.

Above figure is a normal function call. If we distribute the environment on two computers, it will be a distributed environment, which is shown as follow:

The changes only occur on the environment. For applications, no matter they are client or server, may be not aware of these changes. For programmers, the environment helps them to solve many problems such as how to select standards and interfaces, or how to programming, especially in the case when client side needs to communicates with different servers of different languages.

We put objects together, describe them, manage them and provide an environment to them. More and more functions can be added to the environment, rather than special languages realizing these objects. Common interface, common architecture, and all of these will simply programming and freeing programmers from meaningless work.

Think about: you write a library in c/c++, then you have to rewrite it for java,python,etc at some time later. Is it meaningful?

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Writing android gui using python(7:Activity)

Introduction

Root Activity

layout xml file

Code of activity

code.py

Child Activity

layout xml file

Code of child activity

code.py

Writing android gui using c++(3:debug)

Introduction

changes of the project

debug with ndk-debug

switch to cgywin console

debug on win32

dynamic library loader

create stubs for android classes

Examples

Writing android gui using c++(2:list view holder)

Introduction

Begin programming

Steps :

code.cpp

Screenshot

Writing android gui using c++(introduction)

Introduction

Step 1 : Prepare environment

Step 2 : Begin programming

Step 3. Code.cpp

Step 4. Compile to share libraryResult:Example can be download from : http://wrapandroid-for-multilanguage.googlecode.com/svn/wiki/examples/c_introduction.zip

Writing android gui using python(6:layout)

Introduction

first example

layout file main.xml, which includes a linearlayout, textview and a button.

python code

Screenshot

second example(view holder)

layout file, which will be used in list view

Python code

Screenshot

example can be download from link : wrapandroid-for-multilanguage.googlecode.com/svn/wiki/examples/pythongui_layout.rar

Writing android gui using python(menu scroll view and popup window)

Introduction

Scroll View

Create scroll view object

Create root layout in the scroll view

Create a button, when is clicked, we create a new button in scroll view.

Menu

Override function “onCreateOptionsMenu”

Override function “onPrepareOptionsMenu”

Override function “onOptionsItemSelected”

Popup window

Create a button, when is clicked, we create a popup window.

In onClick event function, a popup window is created

Writing android gui using lua(introduction)

Introduction

Preparing environment

Begin programming

code.lua

get current service maintained by cle

get current activity, which is created by wrapandroid at init stage

create root layout

create title layout and gui elements

create webview layout and webview instance

Writing android gui using python(list view and custom view)

Introduction

List View

Create StringArrayAdapter and override its function getView

Create ListView and set its adapter

Custom View

Create a Paint and BitmapFactory for using in next step.

Create View and override its function onDraw

Writing android gui using python(gallery)

Introduction

Create adapter object

Create Gallery object

Writing android gui using python(basic gui elements)

Writing android gui using python(introduction)

Step 4. Compile to share library

Result:

Example can be download from :

http://wrapandroid-for-multilanguage.googlecode.com/svn/wiki/examples/c_introduction.zip