《聖經》「雅歌」(The Song of Solomon)的詩詞欣賞
《聖經》「雅歌」(The Song of Solomon)的詩詞欣賞
《聖經》「雅歌」(The Song of Solomon)的詩詞欣賞
「雅歌」原意是歌中之歌，亦即最美的歌，所羅門於主前970年所著。歷代聖經的研究學者也包括牧師及傳道士在內，對於「雅歌」的解釋大相逕庭，依照「環球聖經公會」出版的《聖經》(Holy Bible)中英對照本中的簡介可知，各派對於本書內容的剖析可分為七大學派：
一、 寓意派(moralism)：猶太教認為書中指涉的男女，分別象徵神與以色列人；基督教認為象徵基督和教會。這表示他們不著重歷史事實與字意，反而從人物、事件中尋找屬靈意義。
二、 隱喻派(metaphorist)：解釋方式接近寓意派，但仍保留雅歌原意，同時也探討深層的屬靈意涵；為避免如寓意派過度解釋的詬病，而著重於愛與委身基督教的主題。隱喻派認為所羅門與書拉蜜女(Shulammite)分別隱喻基督和教會的關係，因為「雅歌」確實描繪基督與信徒相愛的故事，耶穌基督曾用約拿的事蹟來隱喻他復活(太：12:40)，曾藉曠野舉蛇事件來隱喻信者得救(約：3:14)。
三、 戲劇派(dramatist)：由於書中有獨白、對話和合唱，古代希伯來人學者Origen、Milton則有兩種看法：一是主角為所羅門和書拉蜜女，其寫作目的不只是歌頌肉體的性愛而已，更把兩者關係凌駕於其他嬪妃之上；二是主角有三人：所羅門、書拉蜜女，及她的情人，而良人是個牧羊人，跟書拉蜜女相戀，所羅門雖然追求她，但都不為所動，仍忠於良人。
四、 婚曲派(wedding march’s advocates)：J.G. Wetzstein研究敘利亞婚禮的習俗，發現不少地方跟「雅歌」所述雷同，K. Budde則認為本書是婚禮進行曲的歌集。
五、 禮儀派(mannerism)：T. J. Meek認為雅歌來自於塔摩斯異教的禮俗，不過，這種說法未被以色列的信仰思想所認同。
六、 情歌派(love song’s advocates)：多數人都認為雅歌是情歌的經典之作，不只限於婚禮的場合而已。
七、 智慧派(understanding’s advocates)：認為雅歌是描寫彌賽亞如何愛慕神聖的智慧，把賽亞形塑成所羅門，智慧則人格化為年輕美貌的佳偶；並認為雅歌的體裁是詩歌，亦即有弦外之音的意涵。
若要問我支持什麼樣的論點，我會比較傾向於戲劇派和情歌派的看法，我最不能接受的是太多基督教徒過度解釋或引伸其中的意涵，把一篇美麗的詩篇說成多麼地枯躁無味。畢竟，這是所羅門用人類天賦的情感所發抒出來的文章，人有七情六慾，若我們都好的方面去思想，去品味個中點點滴滴的甜蜜，去回憶或體驗性愛生活的樂趣，當然也會有助於身心的健康，但還是要適可而止，亦要合乎情與止乎禮才行，脫離不了人倫的規範。不過，我最好奇的地方是「雅歌」怎麼會被擺到《聖經》的章節之中來，這些都是由誰來篩選編排與決定的？他的用意或隱究竟為何？還是當時的年代背景是因為門徒希望把耶穌跟教會的關係緊緊相連在一起，而不得已將本篇納了進來，不管利用寓意或隱喻也好，其主要目的乃在發揚基督精神，永垂青史。讀完之後，我想：所 羅門 君王百般運用權勢來誘惑書拉蜜女，可是她已心有所屬的良人，也就是一位出身貧賤的牧羊男子，均不為所動；這意味著神要告訴我們一件事：在伊甸園的蛇蘋果事件不能再重演。這個隱喻還能接受，不過要把基督跟教會綁在一起，實在是意境太高，已超過我的智慧了。然而，我有另一種感覺就是，愛情是不能勉強的，要尊重對方的感受；正如，書拉蜜女已意中情人，她如此坦然地不畏權勢告知所羅門王，所羅門王也因此沒有為難她，凡事經過歷練的愛情，都是可貴的，足以珍惜的，不可輕意放棄，愛情是一種承諾，就像對神的信仰也是一樣不容懷疑。當有感情困難的時候要禱告，要奉耶穌的名求告，要遵主的名行事，這才會得到愛情的力量。
坦白說，《聖經》中最令我喜歡的篇章，依前八名排行榜來計的話，第八名是「彼得後書」；第七名是「彼得前書」；第六名是「傳道書」；第五名是「雅各書」；第四名是「以弗所書」；第三名是「詩篇」；第二名是「箴言」；第一名是「雅歌」。現在，我就舉出其中最令我讚嘆的部分來分享(按：我覺得「環球聖經公會」翻譯的不太好，還是披露原文較能符合原意)。
SHE:
Let him kiss me with the kisses of his mouth!
For your love is better than wine;
Your anointing oils are fragrant;
your name is oil poured out; therefore virgins love you.
Draw me after you; let us run.
The king has brought me into his chambers.
HE:
I compare you, my love,
to a mare among Pharaoh’s chariots.
Your cheeks are lovely with ornaments,
your neck with strings of jewels.
SHE:
Behold, you are beautiful, my be loved, truly delightful.
Our couch is green;
The beams of our house are cedar;
our rafters are pine.
I am a rose of Sharon, a lily of the valleys.
HE:
As a lily among brambles,
so is my love among the young woman.
Arise, my love, my beautiful one, and come away,
for behold, the winter is past;
the rain is over and gone.
The flowers appear on the earth,
the time of singing has come,
and the voice of the turtledove is heard in our land.
SHE:
My beloved is mine, and I am his;
He grazes among the lilies.
Until the day breathes and the shadows flee,
turn, my beloved, be like a gazelle or a young stag on cleft mountains.
HE:
Your eyes are doves behind your veil.
Your hair is like a flock of goats leaping down the slopes of Gilead .
Your teeth are like a flock of shorn ewes that have come up from the washing,
all of which bear twins,
and not one among them has lost its young.
Your lips are like a scarlet thread,
and your mouth is lovely.
Your neck is like the tower of David ,
built in rows of stone;
on it hang a thousand shields,
all of them shields of warriors.
Your two breasts are like two fawns,
twins of a gazelle,
that graze among the lilies.
HE:
Your have captivated my heart, my love, my sister, my bride;
you have captivated my heart with one glance of your eyes,
with one jewel of your necklace.
How beautiful is your love, my sister, my bride!
How much better is your love than wine,
and the fragrance of your oils than any spice!
Your lips drip nectar, my bride;
honey and milk are under your tongue;
The fragrance of your garments is like the fragrance of Lebanon .
A garden locked is my sister, my bride, a spring locked,
a fountain sealed.
Your shoots are an orchard of pomegranates with all choicest fruits,
henna with nard,
nard and saffron,
calamus and cinnamon,
with all trees of frankincense,
myrrh and aloes,
with all chief spices—
a garden fountain,
a well of living water,
and flowing streams from Lebanon .
Awake, O north wind,
and come, O south wind!
Blow upon my garden, let its spices flow.
SHE:
My beloved is radiant and ruddy,
Distinguished among ten thousand.
His head is the finest gold;
His locks are wavy,
black as a raven.
His eyes are like doves beside streams of water,
bathed in milk,
sitting beside a full pool.
His cheeks are like beds of spices,
mounds of sweet-smelling herbs.
His lips are lilies,
dripping liquid myrrh.
His arms are rods of gold,
set with jewels.
His body is polished ivory,
bedecked with sapphires.
His legs are alabaster columns,
set on bases of gold.
His appearance is like Lebanon ,
choice as the cedars.
His mouth is most sweet,
and he is altogether desirable.
HE:
How beautiful are your feet in sandals,
O noble daughter!
Your rounded thighs are like jewels,
The works of master hand.
Your navel is a rounded bowl that never lacks mixed wine.
Your belly is a heap of wheat, encircled with lilies.
Your two breast are like two fawns,
twins of a gazelle.
Your neck is like an ivory tower.
Your eyes are pools in Heshbon,
by the gate of Bath-rabbim.
Your nose is like a tower of Lebanon ,
which looks toward Damascus .
Your head crowns you like Carmel ,
and your flowing locks are like purple;
a king is held captive in the tresses.
How beautiful and pleasant you are,
O loved one, with all your delights!
Your stature is like a palm tree,
and your breasts are like its clusters.
I say I will climb the palm tree and lay hold of its fruit.
Oh may your breasts be like clusters of the vine,
and the scent of your breath like apples, and your mouth like the best wine.
SHE:
Set me as a seal upon your heart,
as a seal upon your arm,
for love is strong as death,
jealousy is fierce as the grave.
Its flashes are of fire,
the very flame of the LORD.
Many waters cannot quench love,
neither can floods drown it.
If a man offered for love all the wealth of his house,
he would be utterly despised.
I was a wall, and my breasts were like towers;
then I was in his eyes as one who finds peace.
.
《聖經》「雅歌」(The Song of Solomon)的詩詞欣賞
《聖經》「雅歌」(The Song of Solomon)的詩詞欣賞
「雅歌」原意是歌中之歌，亦即最美的歌，所羅門於主前970年所著。歷代聖經的研究學者也包括牧師及傳道士在內，對於「雅歌」的解釋大相逕庭，依照「環球聖經公會」出版的《聖經》(Holy Bible)中英對照本中的簡介可知，各派對於本書內容的剖析可分為七大學派：
一、 寓意派(moralism)：猶太教認為書中指涉的男女，分別象徵神與以色列人；基督教認為象徵基督和教會。這表示他們不著重歷史事實與字意，反而從人物、事件中尋找屬靈意義。
二、 隱喻派(metaphorist)：解釋方式接近寓意派，但仍保留雅歌原意，同時也探討深層的屬靈意涵；為避免如寓意派過度解釋的詬病，而著重於愛與委身基督教的主題。隱喻派認為所羅門與書拉蜜女(Shulammite)分別隱喻基督和教會的關係，因為「雅歌」確實描繪基督與信徒相愛的故事，耶穌基督曾用約拿的事蹟來隱喻他復活(太：12:40)，曾藉曠野舉蛇事件來隱喻信者得救(約：3:14)。
三、 戲劇派(dramatist)：由於書中有獨白、對話和合唱，古代希伯來人學者Origen、Milton則有兩種看法：一是主角為所羅門和書拉蜜女，其寫作目的不只是歌頌肉體的性愛而已，更把兩者關係凌駕於其他嬪妃之上；二是主角有三人：所羅門、書拉蜜女，及她的情人，而良人是個牧羊人，跟書拉蜜女相戀，所羅門雖然追求她，但都不為所動，仍忠於良人。
四、 婚曲派(wedding march’s advocates)：J.G. Wetzstein研究敘利亞婚禮的習俗，發現不少地方跟「雅歌」所述雷同，K. Budde則認為本書是婚禮進行曲的歌集。
五、 禮儀派(mannerism)：T. J. Meek認為雅歌來自於塔摩斯異教的禮俗，不過，這種說法未被以色列的信仰思想所認同。
六、 情歌派(love song’s advocates)：多數人都認為雅歌是情歌的經典之作，不只限於婚禮的場合而已。
七、 智慧派(understanding’s advocates)：認為雅歌是描寫彌賽亞如何愛慕神聖的智慧，把賽亞形塑成所羅門，智慧則人格化為年輕美貌的佳偶；並認為雅歌的體裁是詩歌，亦即有弦外之音的意涵。
若要問我支持什麼樣的論點，我會比較傾向於戲劇派和情歌派的看法，我最不能接受的是太多基督教徒過度解釋或引伸其中的意涵，把一篇美麗的詩篇說成多麼地枯躁無味。畢竟，這是所羅門用人類天賦的情感所發抒出來的文章，人有七情六慾，若我們都好的方面去思想，去品味個中點點滴滴的甜蜜，去回憶或體驗性愛生活的樂趣，當然也會有助於身心的健康，但還是要適可而止，亦要合乎情與止乎禮才行，脫離不了人倫的規範。不過，我最好奇的地方是「雅歌」怎麼會被擺到《聖經》的章節之中來，這些都是由誰來篩選編排與決定的？他的用意或隱究竟為何？還是當時的年代背景是因為門徒希望把耶穌跟教會的關係緊緊相連在一起，而不得已將本篇納了進來，不管利用寓意或隱喻也好，其主要目的乃在發揚基督精神，永垂青史。讀完之後，我想：所 羅門 君王百般運用權勢來誘惑書拉蜜女，可是她已心有所屬的良人，也就是一位出身貧賤的牧羊男子，均不為所動；這意味著神要告訴我們一件事：在伊甸園的蛇蘋果事件不能再重演。這個隱喻還能接受，不過要把基督跟教會綁在一起，實在是意境太高，已超過我的智慧了。然而，我有另一種感覺就是，愛情是不能勉強的，要尊重對方的感受；正如，書拉蜜女已意中情人，她如此坦然地不畏權勢告知所羅門王，所羅門王也因此沒有為難她，凡事經過歷練的愛情，都是可貴的，足以珍惜的，不可輕意放棄，愛情是一種承諾，就像對神的信仰也是一樣不容懷疑。當有感情困難的時候要禱告，要奉耶穌的名求告，要遵主的名行事，這才會得到愛情的力量。
坦白說，《聖經》中最令我喜歡的篇章，依前八名排行榜來計的話，第八名是「彼得後書」；第七名是「彼得前書」；第六名是「傳道書」；第五名是「雅各書」；第四名是「以弗所書」；第三名是「詩篇」；第二名是「箴言」；第一名是「雅歌」。現在，我就舉出其中最令我讚嘆的部分來分享(按：我覺得「環球聖經公會」翻譯的不太好，還是披露原文較能符合原意)。
SHE:
Let him kiss me with the kisses of his mouth!
For your love is better than wine;
Your anointing oils are fragrant;
your name is oil poured out; therefore virgins love you.
Draw me after you; let us run.
The king has brought me into his chambers.
HE:
I compare you, my love,
to a mare among Pharaoh’s chariots.
Your cheeks are lovely with ornaments,
your neck with strings of jewels.
SHE:
Behold, you are beautiful, my be loved, truly delightful.
Our couch is green;
The beams of our house are cedar;
our rafters are pine.
I am a rose of Sharon, a lily of the valleys.
HE:
As a lily among brambles,
so is my love among the young woman.
Arise, my love, my beautiful one, and come away,
for behold, the winter is past;
the rain is over and gone.
The flowers appear on the earth,
the time of singing has come,
and the voice of the turtledove is heard in our land.
SHE:
My beloved is mine, and I am his;
He grazes among the lilies.
Until the day breathes and the shadows flee,
turn, my beloved, be like a gazelle or a young stag on cleft mountains.
HE:
Your eyes are doves behind your veil.
Your hair is like a flock of goats leaping down the slopes of Gilead .
Your teeth are like a flock of shorn ewes that have come up from the washing,
all of which bear twins,
and not one among them has lost its young.
Your lips are like a scarlet thread,
and your mouth is lovely.
Your neck is like the tower of David ,
built in rows of stone;
on it hang a thousand shields,
all of them shields of warriors.
Your two breasts are like two fawns,
twins of a gazelle,
that graze among the lilies.
HE:
Your have captivated my heart, my love, my sister, my bride;
you have captivated my heart with one glance of your eyes,
with one jewel of your necklace.
How beautiful is your love, my sister, my bride!
How much better is your love than wine,
and the fragrance of your oils than any spice!
Your lips drip nectar, my bride;
honey and milk are under your tongue;
The fragrance of your garments is like the fragrance of Lebanon .
A garden locked is my sister, my bride, a spring locked,
a fountain sealed.
Your shoots are an orchard of pomegranates with all choicest fruits,
henna with nard,
nard and saffron,
calamus and cinnamon,
with all trees of frankincense,
myrrh and aloes,
with all chief spices—
a garden fountain,
a well of living water,
and flowing streams from Lebanon .
Awake, O north wind,
and come, O south wind!
Blow upon my garden, let its spices flow.
SHE:
My beloved is radiant and ruddy,
Distinguished among ten thousand.
His head is the finest gold;
His locks are wavy,
black as a raven.
His eyes are like doves beside streams of water,
bathed in milk,
sitting beside a full pool.
His cheeks are like beds of spices,
mounds of sweet-smelling herbs.
His lips are lilies,
dripping liquid myrrh.
His arms are rods of gold,
set with jewels.
His body is polished ivory,
bedecked with sapphires.
His legs are alabaster columns,
set on bases of gold.
His appearance is like Lebanon ,
choice as the cedars.
His mouth is most sweet,
and he is altogether desirable.
HE:
How beautiful are your feet in sandals,
O noble daughter!
Your rounded thighs are like jewels,
The works of master hand.
Your navel is a rounded bowl that never lacks mixed wine.
Your belly is a heap of wheat, encircled with lilies.
Your two breast are like two fawns,
twins of a gazelle.
Your neck is like an ivory tower.
Your eyes are pools in Heshbon,
by the gate of Bath-rabbim.
Your nose is like a tower of Lebanon ,
which looks toward Damascus .
Your head crowns you like Carmel ,
and your flowing locks are like purple;
a king is held captive in the tresses.
How beautiful and pleasant you are,
O loved one, with all your delights!
Your stature is like a palm tree,
and your breasts are like its clusters.
I say I will climb the palm tree and lay hold of its fruit.
Oh may your breasts be like clusters of the vine,
and the scent of your breath like apples, and your mouth like the best wine.
SHE:
Set me as a seal upon your heart,
as a seal upon your arm,
for love is strong as death,
jealousy is fierce as the grave.
Its flashes are of fire,
the very flame of the LORD.
Many waters cannot quench love,
neither can floods drown it.
If a man offered for love all the wealth of his house,
he would be utterly despised.
I was a wall, and my breasts were like towers;
then I was in his eyes as one who finds peace.
.
